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| The Cardiovascular system: |
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1.Supplies the body with needed substances
2.Transprt waste products for disposal
3.Maintains Acid-base balance of body
4.Prevents hemorrhage through blood clotting
5.Protects against disease
6.Helps regulate body temperature |
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Oxygen rich blood leaves the heart in the following order
..from largest to smallest.... |
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1.Arteries
2.Arterioles
3.Capillaries |
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| Oxygen and Carbon dioxide are exchanged in the capillaries and return, from smalls to largest: |
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1.Venules
2.Veins
3.Venae cavae |
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(peri-around, cardium- heart)
A sac made up of a double membrane, encloses the heart Innermost layer of the pericardium: visceral pericardium or epicardium |
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(endo- within, cardium- heart)
A membrane that forms the lining inside the heart |
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(myo- muscle, cardium- heart)
Heart Muscle |
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| The artery that supply oxygen to the heart |
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| encircling, in the manner of a crown as the vessels surround the heart i a crown like fashion |
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Angina- latin for choke,refers to pain
Pectoris- latin for chest, severe chest pain and constriction about the heart caused by an insufficient supply of blood to the heart |
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| Irregularity or loss of rhythm of the heartbeat (dysrhytmiais more technically correct) |
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(cardio - heart, megaly - enlargement)
Enlarged heart size |
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(congenital: existing at birth)
- abnormalities present in the heart at birth. These defects often involve the septum, a partition that divides the right and left chambers of the heart.
(atrial septal defects and ventricular septal defects) |
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| Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) |
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| condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, and edema in lower portions of the body, the works demanded of the heart is greater that its ability to perform (simply known as heart failure) |
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| Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) |
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| abnormal condition that affects the heart's arteries and produces various pathologic effects, especially the reduced flow of blood to the myocardium |
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| Coronary Heart disease (CHD) |
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| Heart damage resulting from insufficient oxygen caused by pathologic changes in the coronary arteries |
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| Severe cardiac arrhytmia in which contracts are too rapid and uncoordinated for effective blood circulation. |
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| Soft blowing or rasping sound that may be heard when listening to the hearth with a stethoscope |
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(Hyper-above, lipid- fat, -emia- blood)
an elevated blood level of one type of lipid, cholesterol, is associated with an increased risk of developing (CHD) ..coronary heart disease |
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(hyper- above normal, tension- BP)
Elevated blood pressure, usually if the first number is consistently above 140 and the second number above 100 |
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(hypo- below normal,)
Lo blood pressure, usually 96/60of or below |
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Necrosis (necro- dead, oasis- disease or condition)
..of a localized area of tissue caused by lack of blood supply to that area . |
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1. Occlusion of a vessel: obstruction of a vessel
2. Stenosis : narrowing of a vessel |
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| Deficiency of blood supply to the myocardium |
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| temporary deficiency of blood supply to any body part |
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| Serious condition in which blood flow to the heart is reduced to such an extent that the body tissues do not receive enough blood |
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| increase in diameter of a blood vessel |
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| Decrease in the diameter of a blood vessel |
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| ballooning out of the wall of a vessel caused by weakness in the wall |
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-sudden blocking of an artery or lymph vessel by a foreign material that has been brought to the site of the blockage by circulating blood.
..can be bits of tissue, tumor cells, fat, air bubbles, clumps of bacteria, blood clots |
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| The foreign material brought to the blood vessel |
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| Stroke (CVA - Cerebrovascular accident) |
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| ..loss of blood to an area of the brain causing damage to the brain (may also be called a TIA: transischemic attack) |
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1.Hemorrhagic : blood vessel burst and allows blood to seep into brain tissue
2.Thrombotic : plaque causes a clot to form that blocks blood flow
3. Embolic : blood cloth of other embolus reaches an artery in the brain, lodges there, and restricts blood flow |
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| ..Blood vessel burst and allows blood to seep into brain tissue |
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| ..plaque causes a clot to form form that blocks blood flow |
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| blood cloth of other embolus reaches an artery in the brain, lodges there, and restricts blood flow |
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1.Antihyprtensives - (anti- against, hypertensive: high BP)
2.Diuretics - reduces blood plume through greater excretio of water
3.Antilipidemic - (anti- against, lipid -fat, -emic -blood) |
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| Surgical Treatments of Vascular Problems: |
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1. Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: (CABG)..open heart surgery. Using vascular grafts to bypass blocked coronary arteries
2. Percutaneous Methods (Percutaneous- through the skin, ........................................less invasive) |
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| Percutaneous Methods (Percutaneous- through the skin, ........................................less invasive) |
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a. Angioplasty : (angio- vessel, plasty -surgical repair)
b. Atherectomy : (at hero- fat, ectomy- surgical removal)
c. Thrombolysis : (thrombo- blood clot, lysis- destruction of)
d. Aortoplasty : (orto- aorta, plasty- surgical repair) |
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Rhythm disorders:
Bradycardia |
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| ...abnormally slow heart rate |
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Rhythm disorders:
Tachycardia |
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| ..abnormally fast heart rate |
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Rhythm disorders:
Fibrilliation |
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| ...Rapid but regular heart beat |
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Rhythm disorders:
Palpitations |
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