Term
| The addition of a long-acting b agonist to inhaled corticosteroids can lead to? |
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Definition
| Improved lung function, and a decrease in symptoms |
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Term
| What two drugs are found in the Advair diskus? |
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Definition
| Salmeterol and fluticasone |
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Term
| What is the benefit of Advair? |
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Definition
| It is taken twice daily, this gives the patient the ability to sleep through the night without waking up for their inhaler use. provides more sustained level of bronchodilation giving a higher baseline of lung fcn. |
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Term
| know the effects of ax, B1 and B2 stimulation |
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Definition
Ax- receptor stimulation: Causes Vasoconstriction
B1- Receptor stimuli: Causes increased myocardial conductivity and increased heart rate
B2- Receptor stimulation: Causes relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle |
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Term
| Catecholamines show a rapids onset of ____mins, A peak effect after____mins and a rapid decline after ____ hour(s). |
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Definition
| 1-3minutes/ 15-20minutes/ 1 hour |
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Term
| The noncatecholamines show an onset of ____ mins, a peak effect after _____mins and a duration of _____ hours. |
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Definition
| 15-20mins/ 30-60mins/ 4-6hrs |
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Term
| Inhaled and injected adrenergic bronchodilators have a ________ onset than orally administered agents. |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Why is inhalation the preferred route for administering B adrenergic drugs? |
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Definition
• Onset is rapid
• Smaller doses are needed compared with those for oral use.
• Side effects such as tremor and tachycardia are reduced.
• Drug is delivered directly to the target organ |
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Term
| When is continuous nebulization of adrenergic agents used? |
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Definition
| When managing severe asthma, in an effort to avoid respiratory failure, intubation, and mechanical ventilation. |
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Term
| What are three delivery methods for continuous nebulization? |
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Definition
• Measured refilling of a SVN
• Volumetric infusion pump with an SVN
• Large-reservoir nebulizer such as HEART or HOPE nebulizer |
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Term
| What are the potential complications of continuous nebulization? |
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Definition
• Cardiac arrhythmias
• Hypokalemia
• Hyperglycemia |
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Term
| What is the advantage of the oral route? |
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Definition
Simplicity
Short time required for administration
Exact reproductivity
Control of Dosage |
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Term
| What are the Problems with the oral route? |
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Definition
Onset is slower
Larger doses are required
Side effects are increased (systemic effect) |
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Term
| Can B adrenergic bronchodilators be given subcutaneously? When would you do this? |
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Definition
| Yes, usually in emergency acute asthma attacks |
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Term
| Iv therapy is a last resort and requires a last resort and requires an |
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Definition
| infusion pump, cardiac monitor, & close attention. |
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Term
| Side Effects seen with b-agonist use |
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Definition
Tremor worsening ventilation
Palpitations and tachycardia hypokalemia
Headache bronchoconstriction
Insomnia tolerance to bronchodilator effect
Rise in blood pressure loss of bronchoprotection
Nervousness nausea
Dizziness |
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Term
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Definition
| Long-term desensitization is considered to be caused by a reduction in the number of B receptors. |
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Term
| What are commonly reported central nervous system side effects associated with adrenergic bronchodilators? |
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Definition
| Headache, nervousness, irritability, anxiety, and insomnia |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a descriptive phase for increasing incidence of asthma morbidity, and especially asthma mortality, despite advances in the understanding of asthma and availability of improved drugs to treat asthma. |
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Term
| What causes may potentially lead to worsening asthma severity? |
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Definition
• Use of B agonists may allow allergic individuals to expose themselves to allergens and stimuli, with no immediate symptoms to warn them, but with development of progressive airway inflammation and increasing bronchial hyperresponsiveness.
• Repeated self-administration of B agonist gives temporary relief of asthma symptoms through bronchodilation, which may cause underestimation of severity and delay in seeking medical help.
• Use of B agonists to alleviate symptoms of wheezing and resistance may lead to insufficient use, through poor patient compliance or poor patient education, or both of anti-inflammatory therapy to control the basic inflammatory nature of asthma.
• Accumulation of the S-isomer with racemic B agonists could exert a detrimental effect of asthma control.
• There is increased airway irritation with environment pollution and lifestyle changes. |
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Term
| Albuterol V.S. Levalbuterol |
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Definition
R & S isomers R isomers only
2.5mg .31mg, 0.63mg, 1.25mg
More Side effects Less cardiac side effects
(increased HR, tremor, ect.) (decreased HR, Tremor, ect.)
Decreased duration of action Increased duration of action
Low Costs High Costs |
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