Term
| What is another name for the Pituitary Gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is located at the base of the brain (hypothalmus) |
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Definition
| pituitary gland/hypophysis |
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Term
| What are the 2 lobes of pituitary gland called? |
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Definition
anterior: adenohypophysis
Posterior: neurohypophysis |
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Term
| What is the most important "master gland" in the pituitary gland? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates release of hormones from thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, gonads? |
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Definition
| anterior pituitary gland: adenohypophysis |
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Term
| What are 3 anterior pituitary gland hormones? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the growth hormone responsible for? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 Growth hormone deficiency drugs? |
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Definition
somatrem (Protropin)
somatropin (Humatrope) |
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Term
| What does too little GH develop if not given the drug to correct? |
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Definition
| dwarfism which can cause diabetes if given long term |
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Term
| What are drug prototypes for GH suppressants? |
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Definition
| bromocriptine (Parlodel) octreotide (Sandostatin) |
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Term
| What is name of condition from overproduction of GH? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the TSH stimulate? |
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Definition
| stimulates the thyroid gland to release certain hormones |
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Term
| TSH is secreted in response to what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is ACTH secreted in response to? |
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Definition
| corticotrophin releasing factor |
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Term
| What does ACTH stimulate? |
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Definition
| adrenal gland to release glucocorticoids (Cortisol) and mineralocorticoids (Aldosterone) |
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Term
| How is the Prototype drug: ACTHAR administered and what are the nursing interventions? |
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Definition
| given IV and IM. Watch K+ and blood sugars |
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Term
| what does the posterior pituitary gland secrete? |
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Definition
| ADH (Vasopressin)--reabsorbs water in kidney tubules and oxytocin (contracts smooth muscle) |
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Term
| What is it called if patient has ADH defiency? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is done for ADH replacement for defiency? |
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Definition
| DDAVP or Pitressin to compensate |
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Term
| How is too much ACTH managed? |
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Definition
| diuretics, antihypertensives |
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Term
| What does the thyroid gland secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the therapeutic use of PTU? |
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Definition
Hyperthyroidism: elevated T3 and T4
Graves disease (chronic); or thyroid storm, can kill person
Symptoms: losing weight; heat intolerance, very nervous, can’t sleep; bug eyes
Thyroid storm
Treatment: not removed anymore unless severe case of cancer; best choice is radioactive iodine; Grave’s disease given PTU to stabilize |
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Term
| Symptoms of hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
| tachycardia, palpitations, perspiration, heat intolerance, weight loss, irritability, disturbed sleep patterns, exopthalmus (bug eyes) |
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Term
| What do you watch for if thyroid removed? |
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Definition
hypothyroidism;
watch for parathyroidism. |
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Term
| What are symptoms of hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| lethargy, apathy, memory and emotional changes, eyelid/facial edema or puffiness, weight gain, cold intolerance, bradycardia |
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Term
| What is treatment for hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do the parathyroid glands secrete? |
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Definition
| PTH and regulate blood calcium |
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Term
| What are causes of hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
diuretics, vitamin D deficiency, kidney dysfunction, surgical removal of thyroid gland
SYMPTOM: tetany--muscle spasm |
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Term
| What is treatment for hypocalcemia? |
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Definition
| Calcitriol (Vitamin D analogue); promotes Ca+ absorption from GI tract |
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Term
| What are causes of hypercalcemia? |
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Definition
| Multiple bone fractures or blood transfusions |
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Term
| What are symptoms of hypercalcemia? |
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Definition
| bone pain, n/v, thirst, polyuria, bradycardia |
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Term
| What is treatment of hypercalcemia? |
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Definition
| Calcitonin (Calcimar)"tonin the level down"; by promoting renal excretion of calcium |
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Term
| Where are the adrenal glands located? |
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Definition
| 2 pair sit on top of kidneys |
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Term
| What are glucocorticoids used for? |
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Definition
| treat severe trauma, severe infection, inflammatory processes |
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Term
| Which hormone are the adrenal glands influenced by? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is adrenal insufficiency treated? |
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Definition
| Glucocorticoids: promotes Na+ retention and K+ excretion; treats Addison's disease |
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Term
| What are symptoms of Addison's disease |
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Definition
| low blood sugars, weakness, apathy, low BP, hi K+, low Na+ |
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Term
| What are SE/adverse effects of Glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| hyperglycemia, abnormal fat deposits, muscle wasting, edema, hypertension, euphoria, psychosis |
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Term
| What are drug interactions of Glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| diuretics, rifampin, dilantin, barbiturates |
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Term
| What is the disease name for adrenal excess? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are symptoms of Cushings disease? |
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Definition
| mimic steroid use: elevated blood sugars, abnormal fat deposits, HTN, hypervolemia, hi Na+, low K+ |
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Term
| What is drug prototype for Glucocorticoid inhibitor (Cushings)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do Mineralocorticoids treat? |
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Definition
| Addisons disease (oral dose) |
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Term
| What is prototype drug for Addisons disease? |
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Definition
| fludrocortisone (Florinef) |
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Term
| What does Florinef cause (used for Addisons disease) |
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Definition
| negative nitrogen balance. Needs to be on high protein diet; watch K+ since drug will increase K+ excretion |
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Term
| What is the drug class for Synthroid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Why would Synthroid be used? |
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Definition
| Indication: hypothyroidism |
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Term
| What is the action of Synthroid? |
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Definition
increases metabolic rate
O2 consumption
body growth |
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Term
| What are the adverse/side effects of Synthroid? |
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Definition
| tachycardia, palpitations, insomnia, weight loss, tremors, nervousness |
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Term
| What are the nursing interventions for Synthroid for hypothyroidism? |
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Definition
| Do not discontinue abruptly (thyroid crisis); Teach client signs of toxicity (palpitations, chest pain); Report sore throat (agranulocytosis); Take same time each day |
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Term
| What is the therapeutic use for PTU? |
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Definition
| Graves disease (HYPERthyroidism) |
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Term
| What is the drug class for PTU? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the signs/symptoms of HYPERthyroidism? |
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Definition
| tachycardia, palpitations, insomnia |
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Term
| What is the therapeutic use of Calcitriol? |
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Definition
| HYPOcalcemia caused by HYPOparathyroidism |
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Term
| What is the action of Calcitriol? |
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Definition
promotes calcium absorption from GI tract;
secretion of calcium from bone to bloodstream |
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Term
| What is the function of PTH? |
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Definition
| regulates blood calcium levels |
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Term
| What do mineralocorticoids secrete? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is aldosterone controlled by? |
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Definition
| renin-angiotensin system (not ACTH) |
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Term
| What is the purpose of aldosterone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What will happen with a total thyroid ectomy? |
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Definition
hypoparathyroidism;
know highs and lows of calcium
Low: anxiety, irritability, tetany (Muscle cramps/spasms)
High:soft, flabby muscles, pain at bony areas, kidney stones, elevated BP |
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Term
| When would Calcitonin be used? |
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Definition
| To bring down high level of parathyroid function. May put on drugs to lower such as Calcitonin (is “tonin’ “ the levels down) |
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Term
| What are normal range for Calcium? |
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Definition
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