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| the nonliving parts of an organism's environment |
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| all of the living organisms that live in an environment |
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| environmental factors that affect an organism's ability to survive in its environment |
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| this type of succession takes the longest; the colonization of new sites by communities or organisms; have to create soil from rock |
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| this type of succession happens more rapidly; the sequence of community changes that takes place after a community is disrupted by natural disasters or human activity; soil is already in the area |
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| a stable, mature community that undergoes little or no changes in species |
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| the first species to be in an area during succession |
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| the ability of an organism to withstand fluctuations in biotic and/or abiotic environmental factors |
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| a very common pioneer species made up of both algae and fungus; it can break down rock into soil |
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| a collection of interacting populations |
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