Term
| what happens to most acetyl CoA produced by fatty acid degradation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what ketone bodies are formed from |
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Definition
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Term
| the ketone bodies formed from acetyl CoA |
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Definition
-acetoacetate
-D-3-hydroxybutyrate (β-hydroxybutyrate)
-acetone |
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Term
| advantage of ketone bodies over fatty acids |
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Definition
| ketone bodies are water soluble, so they are an easily transportable form of acetyl units |
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Term
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Definition
| by the slow, spontaneous decarboxylation of acetoacetate |
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Term
| when acetone may be captured to synthesize glucose |
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Definition
| under starvation conditions |
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Term
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Definition
| production of acetoacetate and D-3-hydroxybutyrate |
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Term
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Definition
| the mitochondria of the liver |
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Term
| the net rxn of the formation of acetoacetate |
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Definition
| 2 acetyl CoA + H2O --> acetoacetate + 2 CoA + H+ |
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Term
| depiction of the formation of ketone bodies |
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Definition
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Term
| how ketone bodies are used as fuel |
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Definition
| metabolized to generate NADH and acetyl CoA |
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Term
| depiction of the utilization of D-3-hydroxybutyrate and acetoacetate as a fuel |
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Definition
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Term
| regulatory role of acetoacetate |
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Definition
| high levels of acetoacetate signify abunbdance of acetyl units, leading to less lipolysis in adipose tissue |
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Term
| why animals are unable to effect the net synthesis of glucose from fatty acids |
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Definition
because the acetyl CoA generated by fatty acid oxidation can't be converted to pyruvate or oxaloacetate in animals
(recall that converting pyruvate into acetyl CoA is irreversible) |
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Term
| why net synthesis of oxaloacetate from fatty acid degradation is impossible in animals |
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Definition
| because 2 C atoms enter the citric acid cycle as an acetyl group and leave the cycle as CO2 |
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Term
| type of organisms that can convert the C atoms of acetyl CoA into oxaloacetate |
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Definition
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Term
| why plants can convert the C atoms of acetyl CoA into oxaloacetate |
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Definition
| because they have 2 additional enzymes that enable them to do that |
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