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| General Douglas MacArthur |
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| American General who led the occupation of Japan |
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| 1. destroy militarism; 2. ensure democratic government |
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| two main American objectives for the occupation of Japan |
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| "the Japanese people forever renounce war as a sovereign right of the nation" |
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| what the new 1946 constitution of Japan said |
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| giant business organizations in Japan |
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| nickname for American military protection in Japan |
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| gross domestic product (GDP) |
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| the total value of all goods and services produced by a nation within a particular year |
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| purchasing more goods from another country than the other country bought from them; happened with countries trading with Japan |
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| Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) |
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| dominating Japanese coalition of conservative factions that compete behind the scenes for top government positions |
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| technology used to build modern Japanese structures against earthquakes |
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| Japanese city that was badly damaged in an earthquake in 1995 |
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| "to build a new China, independent,...prosperous and strong" |
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| what Mao Zedong pledged in 1949 with his People's Republic of China |
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| man who led the Nationalist forces in China |
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| man who led the Communist forces in China |
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| People's Republic of China (PRC) |
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| what Mao set up when his forces won over Jiang Jieshi |
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| where Jiang Jieshi and his supporters fled to when Mao defeated them |
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| "Women hold up half the sky" |
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| what Mao said to point out the break with Confucian tradition about women |
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| the pooling of peasant land and labor in attempt to increase efficiency |
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| Chinese official who justified Mao's attacks on the middle-class by saying, "The freedom we uphold is not hte same as that based on the type of democracy advocated by the bourgeoisie... We, on the contrary, hold that there must be democratic liberties among the people, but that no freedom should be extended to counterrevolutionaries: for them we have only dictatorship." |
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| what students learned to call Mao Zedong |
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| Chinese Communist heath-care workers who went to remote rural areas and helped reduce disease and teach better hygiene |
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| 1958 program that Mao launched and urged people to make a superhuman effort to increase farm and industrial output |
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| Chinese areas that had several villages, thousands of acres of land, and up to 25,000 people that had its own schools, factories, housing, and dining halls; had production quotas |
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| industries set up in rural communes in China to produce steel and other products |
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| Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution |
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| Mao's 1966 campeign to purge China of "bourgeois", or nonrevolutionary, tendencies |
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| nonrevolutionary tendencies; what Mao tried to purge in the Cultural Revolution |
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| book of Mao's sayings that Red Guards always had and followed |
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| Chinese groups of teenagers who attacked people who they thought were counterrevolutionaries; targeted people in authority and publically humiliated and beat them |
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| US President who visited Mao in Beijing in 1972 |
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| Mao thought that the Soviets were too conservative and accused them of being too willing to _______ with the capitalist powers. |
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| led China in 1981, after Mao; practical reformer, more interested in raising output than in political purity |
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| "It doesn't matter the color of the cat, as long as it catches mice" |
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| quote by Deng that shows that he didn't care the type of government, as long as it worked |
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| program backed by Deng which emphasized agriculture, industry, science, and defense |
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| Agriculture, Industry, Defense, and Science |
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| the Four Modernizations that Deng supported |
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| systems in which foreign companies would organize a business with Chinese firms, with profits shared by both participants |
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| Japan, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and the West |
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| areas that organized joint ventures with China |
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| places where foreigners could own and operate industries; set up by China |
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| Tiananmen Square Massacre |
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| May 1989 fiasco when demonstrateors raised banners calling for democracy and a plaster statue of the Goddess of Democracy and Freedom and the government's troops went in with tanks and thousands of demonstrators were killed or wounded |
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| one-child-per-family policy |
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| Chinese policy designed for cutting down on population |
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| China's new leader in 1997 after Deng Xiaoping; continued economic reforms and delt with corruption and population problems |
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| where the indigenous culture had been swampled byu Chinese immigrants and military suppression of the countries' form of Buddhism |
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| new Chinese version of Buddhism which claimed millions of members |
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| Tibet's exiled religious leader |
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| what the Chinese government drew up to develop agriculture and heavy industry |
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| Taiwanese professor who invented the computerized fingerpring-recognition device; was excited that "the technology involved was developed in Taiwan" |
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| "newly industrialized countries" or "Asian tigers" |
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| two names for Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, and South Korea for their agressive economic growth |
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| country that owned Taiwan until 1895, when it fell to Japan and then again after 1945 when Japan was defeated |
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| 1960s event that helped Taiwan's agriculture become more productive because of new seeds and fertilizers |
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| city that still wants to reunite Taiwan and China; sees Taiwan as a province of China, not an independent nation |
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| island nation that was ruled by China, then Japan, then China again, and then became independent; has great economic success and a high standard of living |
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| island that was originally owned by Britain until 1997 when it was returned to China; became world financial center with many foreign banks and a busy stock market |
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| Southeast Asian stretch of land that Singapore lies at the tip of |
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| British empire builder who in 1819 leased Singapore from a local ruler |
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| waterway halfway between China and India that Singapore is in, making it an ideal trading location |
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| Singapore's autocratic prime minister; expanded Singapore's seaport into one of the world's busiest harbors; spoke of a "Confucian model of development" |
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| hard work, loyalty toward family, and respectful obedience to authority were some of these that Lee Kwan Yew preached |
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| smallest Asian tiger city-state on an island at the tip of the Malay Peninsula in Southeast Asia on the Strait of Malacca; has huge, ethnically varied population and great economy |
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| strip of land dividing the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan |
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| leader of North Korea and communist ally of the Soviet Union |
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| authoritarian, but noncommunist leader of South Korea who the US backed |
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| what Kim Il Sung called for to reunite Korea in which North Korean troops attacked and soon overran most of the south |
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| US general who led the UN forces in South Korea; drove invaders back across 38th parallel and northward to the Yalu River |
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| 1953 armistice line between North and South Korea |
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| struggle between North Korea and South Korea in which the UN had to help South Korean forces; ended in a stalemate |
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| area with no military forces; was near the 38th parallel in Korea |
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| Asian tiger that exported goods, was an economic powerhouse, and now has moved successfully toward democracy |
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| nickname given to Kim Il Sung by propaganda |
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| nickname given to Kim Jong Il by propaganda |
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| leader of North Korea after Kim Il Sung who faced great problems and had to borrow food from the US and South Korea to prevent starvation |
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| nation ruled by communism and isolated itself; it faced failed government policies, floods, and starvation |
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| French Indochina (Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos) |
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| region in Southeast Asia made up of 3 countries that had a 30-year conflict in its liberation struggle |
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| Japanese nationalist communist who led the resistance against the French in 1946 who wanted to regain Indochina; leader of communist government in North Vietnam |
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| leader of noncommunist government in South Vietnam |
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| what American officials believed; held that a communist victory in South Vietnam would cause noncommunist governments across Southeast Asia to fall to communism |
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| National Liberation Front |
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| communist rebels trying to overthrow Diem in South Vietnam; Ho Chi Minh aided this group |
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| turning point in US public opinion on the Vietnam war that was on the Vietnamese New Year when North Vietnam had a massive attack on South Vietnamese forces |
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| halt in the fighting; President Nixon arranged this in Vietnam and began to withdraw American forces in 1973 |
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| capital of South Vietnam; when the north captured it in 1975, the country was reunited |
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| South Vietnamese people who tried to escape the harsh rule of communism; many drowned and others landed in refugee camps |
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| blockage of trade; Americans did it to Vietnam which slowed their recovery after the war |
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| route through Cambodia to guerrilla forces in South Vietnam |
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| Cambodian communist guerrillas who overthrew the government and unleashed a reign of terror; led by Pol Pot |
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| leader of the Khmer Rouge in Cambodia who unleashed a reign of terror, killing almost 1/3 of Cambodia's population |
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| local Philippines communists with strong peasant support who the government battled |
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| president of the Philippines in 1965; became dictator and stopped free speech and forced opponents into exile |
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| a popular rival politician of Ferdinand Marcos' in the Philippines who was murdered by Marcos |
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| widow of the slain Benigo who was elected as president of the Philippines in 1986; country was happy |
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| "people power" revolution |
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| revolution when the people of Manila in the Philippines forced Marcos to leave when he tried to overturn election results |
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| new president in the Philippines who renewed optimism for the future |
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| the capital of the Philippines; where newcomers crowded into |
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| country that includes more than 13,000 islands slplashed across 3,200 miles of ocean; has large , ethnically diverse population |
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| dominating ethnicity in Indonesia |
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| religion that about 90% of Indonesia is |
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| 1997 Asian financial crisis |
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| crisis that affected many Asian nations, usally negatively |
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| president of Indonesia who was forced to resign after 30 years because of the 1997 Asian financial crisis |
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| area that Indonesia seized from Portugal in 1975, which created struggle |
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| country where ethnic tensions were great; originally communist, which didn't work, so they renamed it and switched to democracy |
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| nickname of Myanmar that recognized that other groups besides Burmans lived there |
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| leader of Myanmar elected in 1990 whose father had helped Burma win independence |
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| "nonviolent struggle for democracy and human rights" |
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| what Suu Kyi won a Nobel Peace Prize for while she was under house arrest |
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| Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) |
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| alliance of six Southeast Asian countries formed in 1967; now includes most Southeast Asian nations; promote economic and cultural cooperation |
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| vast region that includes countries in Asia and the Americas that border the Pacific Ocean; countries enormously diverse in ethnicity and religion |
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| what some analysts have predicted that the 2000s will be because of the region's potential for further growth |
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