Term
| Matter is composed of ______. _______ cannot be broken down to other substances |
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Definition
chemical elements
elements |
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Term
| A _______ is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio |
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Definition
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Term
| There are __ elements essential to life, but only these four make up 96.3% of the human body. These four elements are... |
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Definition
| Oxygen, Carbon, Hydrogen, and Nitrogen. |
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Term
| These six elements make up 3.7% of the human body... |
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Definition
| Calcium, Phospherous, Sulfer, Sodium, Chlorine, and Magnesium |
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Term
| _____ elements are essential to the body, but only in miniscule amounts |
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Definition
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Term
| Chemicals are added to foods to ____,_____, and ___ |
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Definition
| preserve it, make it more nutritious, and make it look better |
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Term
| What are the three subatomic particles and what are their charges? |
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Definition
proton-positive-in nucleus
neutron-neutral-in nucleus
electron-negative-out of nucleus |
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Term
| Name pros and cons of Radioactive tracers |
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Definition
| Radioactive can be used in medical procedures to help find a patient's diagnosis, but however it cause damage to a person's DNA and create abnormal bonds in the body |
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Term
| The _____ kind of chemical bond is the covalent bond, in which..... |
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Definition
| two atoms share one or more pairs of outer-shell electrons |
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Term
| two or more atoms held by covalent bonds form a ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| An atom's attraction for shared electrons is called it's _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The bonds in some molecules are said to be ______ because _____ are shared equally between the atoms. |
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Definition
| nonpolar covalent bonds, electrons |
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Term
| The bonds in some molecules are said to be ______ because the _____ are shared unevenly |
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Definition
| polar covalent bonds, electrons |
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Term
| A molecule is polar when... |
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Definition
| it has an uneven distribution of charges |
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Term
| An ion is an atom or molecule with... |
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Definition
| an electrical charge resulting from a gain or loss of electrons |
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Term
| When attraction holds ions together, it is called a ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ affects the strength of ionic bonds |
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Definition
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Term
| A hydrogen atom that has formed a polar covalent bond with an electronegative atom has a partial ______ charge |
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Definition
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Term
| A chemical reaction is... |
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Definition
| The breaking and making of chemical bonds leading to changes in the composition of matter |
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Term
| An arrow indicates the conversion of the starting materials (in chemical equation), called the _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The material resulting from a chemical reaction |
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Definition
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Term
| The raw materials of photosynthesis are _______ and _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ bonds make liquid water _____ |
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Definition
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Term
| The tendency of molecules of the same kind to stick together is called ______. ______ is stronger for _____ then most other liquids |
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Definition
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Term
| Most plants rely upon _____ to help transport water and nutrients from their roots to their leaves |
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Definition
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Term
| The tendency of one substance to cling to another is called... |
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Definition
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Term
| Related to cohesion, _______ is.... |
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Definition
| surface tension is the measure of how difficult it is to stretch or break the surface of a liquid. |
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Term
| ______ bonds give water high surface tension |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the amount of energy associated with the movement of atoms and molecules in a body of water |
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Term
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Definition
| the measure of intensity pf heat- more the speed of molecules rather then the total amount of energy in a body of matter |
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Term
| When molecules with the greatest energy leave, the process of _________ occurs |
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Definition
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Term
| Heat is released when _______ form, and heat must be absorbed to break ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| Water can exist as a ___,____, or ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Water is less dense as ice then a liquid because of ______. As water freezes, each molecule forms a stable ____ with it's neighbors. As the ice crystals form, the molecules become _________ than in liquid water. |
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Definition
hydrogen bonds,
hydrogen bond,
less densely packed |
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Term
| Water can exist as a ___,____, or ___ |
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Definition
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Term
| Water is less dense as ice then a liquid because of ______. As water freezes, each molecule forms a stable ____ with it's neighbors. As the ice crystals form, the molecules become _________ than in liquid water. |
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Definition
hydrogen bonds,
hydrogen bond,
less densely packed |
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Term
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Definition
| a liquid consisting of a uniform mixture of two or more substances |
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Term
| The ____ is the dissolving agent in a solution |
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Definition
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Term
| The substance in a solution that is dissolved is the ______ |
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Definition
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Term
| An ___________ is a solution in which water is the solvent |
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Definition
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Term
| Water's versatility as a solvent results from the _____ of it's molecules |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound doesn't need to be _____ to dissolve in water |
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Definition
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Term
| Hydrogen (___) and Hydroxide (___) ions are very reactive |
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Definition
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Term
| A compound that donates H+/Hydrogen ions to solutions is called an ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| A ____ is a compound that accepts hydrogen ions and removes them from the solution |
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Definition
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Term
| We use the ________ to determine how acidic or basic a ________ is |
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Definition
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Term
| Each pH unit represents a 10_fold change in the ________ in ___ in a solution |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| substances that minimize changes in pH |
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Term
| The pH scale is a ___ point scale. At the most ____ end is battery acid, while at the other end the most ____ is oven cleaner |
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Definition
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Term
| the pH of human blood plasma is very close to __ on the pH scale |
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Definition
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Term
| ________ refers to rain, snow, or fog with a pH lower then 5.2. This has affected life in lakes and streams, affected the soil, and affected plant life. |
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Definition
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Term
| Acid precipitation is caused by _______ and _______ released by burning fossil fuels that react with _____ in the air to from strong ____ that fall to Earth in rain or snow. |
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Definition
sulfer oxides,
nitrogen oxides,
water,
acids |
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Term
| ______ is the main product of burning fossil fuels, and ___% of it is absorbed by oceans. This causes _________. |
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Definition
Carbon dioxide,
25%,
ocean acidification |
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Term
| Ocean acidification is when CO2 dissolves in water which lowers water's pH level because the CO2 ____ with water to _____ ________ |
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Definition
reacts,
produce,
carbonic acid |
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Term
| (in ocean acidification) The change in acidity decreases the ________ of carbonate ions, which are needed by corals and other organisms to go through a process called ____ they go through as to live. Corals and other such organisms are eaten by fish like salmon and herring. |
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Definition
concentration,
calcification |
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Term
| Finding evidence of life elsewhere would support the hypothesis that ______ of life is possible |
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Definition
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