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Definition
| the demand of voters that leaders of Britain, France, and the US tried to avoid comflict through diplomacy |
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Definition
| viewed the desire for peace as weakness and responded with new acts of aggression |
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| country that seized Manchuria in 1931, the League of Nations condemned the aggression, and Japan overran much of eastern China as western protests had no effect on the conqueror |
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| country that pursued its own imperialist ambitions in Ethiopia |
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| country in northeastern Africa that Italy invaded and took over |
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| 1896 battle in which Ethiopia defeted Italy |
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| Ethiopian king who appealed to the League of Nations for help when Italy invaded in 1935 |
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| penalties; the League of Nations voted these against Italy for having violated the international law when it invaded Ethiopia |
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Term
| built up German military, sent troops into the "demilitarized" Rhineland bordering France |
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Definition
| two things that Hitler did in defiance of the Versailles treaty |
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Term
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Definition
| giving in to the demands of an aggressor to keep the peace; policy that Western democracies took when they denounced Hitler's moves but took no real action |
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Term
| France was demoralized, Brtish didn't like harsh Versaelles treaty, spread of Soviet communism, the Great Depression |
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Definition
| four things that led to the western policy of appeasement |
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Definition
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| group that passed a series of Neutrality Acts in order to avoid involvement in a European war |
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Term
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Definition
| mid - 1930s series of laws passed by the US Congress to avoid American involvement in a European war |
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Term
| Germany, Italy, and Japan |
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Definition
| countries involved in the Rome-Berlin-Tokyo Axis; agreed to fight Soviet communism and not to interfere with one another's plans for expansion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Germany, Italy, and Japan's Axis formed to ban communism and cleared the way for anti-democratic aggressor powers to take bold steps |
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Definition
| 1936 conflict that divided Spain and drew other European powers into the fighting |
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Definition
| conservative general who led a revolt in 1936 that touched off a bloody civil war |
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Definition
| Fascists and supporters of right-wing policies who rallied to the banner of Franco's forces |
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Definition
| supporters of the republic including communists, socialists, and supporters of democracy |
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| force sent to help Franco made up of volunteers from Germany, Italy, the Soviet Union, and the western democracies who faught alongside the Loyalists |
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Term
| German air raid on Guernica |
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Definition
| April 1937 raid of Spain when German bombers dropped bombs and fired machine-guns and killed about 1600 innocent people |
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Definition
| what Nazi leaders called the attack on Guernica |
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Term
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Definition
| said "Nature is cruel, so we may be cruel, too.... I have a right to remove millions of an inferior race that breeds like vermin." |
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Definition
| country where Nazi propaganda had found fertile ground |
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| union of Austria and Germany |
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Definition
| the former residence of the Hapsburg emperors, where Hitler made a speech from in Austria |
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Definition
| country where Hitler insisted that three million Germans in the Sudetenland be given autonomy |
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Definition
| a region of western Czechoslovakia |
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Term
| Finland and Czechoslovakia |
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Definition
| the ohnly two remaining democracies in Eastern Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| September 1938 meeting where British and French leaders again chose appeasement - they caved in to Hitler's demand sand then persuaded the Cxechs to surrender the Sudetenland without a fight |
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Definition
| British prime minister in the Munich Conference who told crowds that he had achieved "peace for our time and "saved Czechoslovakia from destruction and Europe from Armageddon" |
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Definition
| pact produced at the Munich Conference |
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Definition
| French leader who said "the fools, why are they cheering?" to the crowds that greeted him after the Munich Conference |
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Definition
| British politician who had long warned of the Nazi threat and said "they had to choose between war and dishonor. They cose dishonor; they will have war." |
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Definition
| August 1939 nonaggression pact between Hitler and Stalin when they agreed not to fight if the other was at war and to divide up Poland and other parts of Eastern Europe |
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Definition
| even on September 1, 1939 that triggered the beginning of WWII because Britain and France declared war on Germany |
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Term
| W. H. Auden, "In Memory of W. B. Yeats" |
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Definition
| "In the nightmare of the dark/ All the dogs of Europe bark, / And the living nations wait, / Each sequestered in its hate." |
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Definition
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Definition
| Britain, France, the Soviet Union, China, the United States, and 45 other nations |
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Term
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Definition
| "lightning war"; Hitler's powerful force that stormed Poland in 1939 |
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Definition
| country that was invaded by Hitler and Stalin in 1939 under the Nazi-Soviet Pact |
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Term
| Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania; Finland |
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Definition
| Baltic states where Stalin's armies pushed into; also another area where Stalin siezed |
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Term
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Definition
| what some reporters referred to the first winter when the French hunkered down behind the Maginot Line and Britain sent troops to wait with them as |
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Term
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Definition
| beaches where British sent all available naval vessels to pluck standard troops |
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Definition
| improvised armada that ferried more than 30,000 troops to safety in Britain and greatly raised British morale |
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Term
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Definition
| the south of France where the Germans set this up with its capital at Vichy |
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Term
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Definition
| man who led the "free French" who worked to liberate their homeland from the Germans |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler's brilliant commander who pushed into North Africa toward Cairo; called the "Desert Fox" |
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Term
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Definition
| nickname for General Erwin Rommel |
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Term
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Definition
| two places where Axis armies pushed into |
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Term
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Definition
| two nations that were added to the Axis empire in 1941 |
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Term
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Definition
| two countries that also joined the Axis alliance |
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Definition
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| used to detect submarines |
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Term
| Winston Churchill, radio address, June 4, 1940 |
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Definition
| "We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills; we shall never surrender." |
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Term
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Definition
| the invasion of Britain by Hitler with massive air strikes |
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Term
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Definition
| the daily bombardment of England's southern coast in 1940 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| the decision to invade Russia |
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Definition
| helped save Britain and one of Hitler's costliest mistakes |
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Term
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Definition
| the conquest of the Soviet Union |
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Term
| Russia's "General Winter" |
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Definition
| Russia's -4 degree weather that German soldiers were not ready for and thousands died from |
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Term
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Definition
| city where Germany siezed it for 2.5 years and people starved and ate "jellied meat" |
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Term
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Definition
| boiled leater briefcases that Leningraders at during the siege |
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Term
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Definition
| president who found ways around the Neutrality Acts to provide aid to Britain |
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Term
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Definition
| president who persuaded Congress to pass the Lend-Lease Act |
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Term
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Definition
| allowed FDR to sell or lend war materials to "any country whose defense the President deems vital to the defense of the United States"; said it would become the "arsenal of democracy" |
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Term
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Definition
| Roosevelt and Churchill's charter which set goals for the war "the final destructions of the Nazi tyranny"; pledged to support "the right of all peoples to choose the form of government under which they will live " and called for "a permanent system of general security" |
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Term
| French Indochina and the Dutch East Indies |
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Definition
| places where Japan advanced into in 1940 , then the US banned the sale to Japan of war materials |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese general who ordered a surprise attack on the American fleet at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii |
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Term
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Definition
| Hawaiian harbor where Japan ordered a surprised attack on on Dec. 7, 1941; "a date which will live in infamy" according to FDR |
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Term
| Philippines, Hong Kong, Burma, Malaya, Dutch East Indies, French Indochina |
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Definition
| areas where the Japanese captured in 1941 |
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Term
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Definition
| related "races" of Hitler's favored people, including Germans |
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Term
| the Slavs of Eastern Europe |
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Definition
| considered to be an inferior "race" according to Hitler |
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Term
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Definition
| Hitler's programs to kill all people he judged "racially inferior" including Jews, Slavs, Gypsies, and the mentally ill |
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Definition
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| the "final solution of the Jewish problem" |
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Definition
| the genocide of all European Jews |
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Term
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Definition
| places in Poland, like Auschwitz, Sobibor, and Treblinka |
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Term
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Definition
| the massacre of about six million Jews and other "undesirable" people |
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Term
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Definition
| a woman in the Auschwitz death camp who was tortured for days before she was hanged and said "be strong and have courage" |
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese diplomat in Lithuania who saved 6,000 Jews by writing exit visas until he was ordered home by the Japanese government |
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Term
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Definition
| nations that saved almost all of their Jewish population in the Holocaust |
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Term
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Definition
| people who helped the Nazis hunt down the Jews or shipping tens of thousands of Jews to their death |
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Term
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Definition
| slogan of the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere |
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Term
| the Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere |
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Definition
| Japan and there areas of Asia and the Pacific that it expanded into |
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Term
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Definition
| places where nationalist groups waged guerrilla warefare against the Japanese invaders |
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Term
| Roosevelt, Churchill, and Stalin |
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Definition
| the Big Three who agreed to finish the war in Europe before turning their attention to Asia |
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Definition
| payment for damaged caused by the imprisonment |
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Term
| British women's contributions song by Calder |
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Definition
| "she's the girl that makes the thing that drills the hole that holds the spring that drives the rod that turns the knob that works the thingumebob... and it's the girl that makes the thing that holds the oil that oils the ring that works the thingumebob THAT'S GOING TO WIN THE WAR!" |
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Definition
| French woman who directed 3,000 people in the underground and helped downed Allied pilots escape to safety |
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Term
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Definition
| Soviet pilot who shot down 12 German planes before she was killed |
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Term
| General Bernard Montgomery |
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Definition
| British general who stopped Rommel's advance during the long, fierce Battle of the El Alamein in Egypt |
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Term
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Definition
| Egypt battle where the British general Montgomery stopped Rommel's advance and drove the Axis forces back across Libya and Tunisia |
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Term
| general Dwight Eisenhower |
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Definition
| American general who took command of a joint Anglo-American force in Morocco and Algeria; combined with British forces to trap Rommel's army in May 1943 |
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Term
| Sicily and southern Italy |
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Definition
| where a combined British and American army defeated forces and overthrew Il Duce |
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Term
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Definition
| 1943 battle with Hitler and Stalin that was very costly and Germany finally surrendered |
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Definition
| man who was made the supreme Allied commander |
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Term
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Definition
| June 6, 1944 - the invasion of France by the Allies, when they freed France of the Germans |
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Term
| General Douglas MacArthur |
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Definition
| American general who said "I shall return" when pledging to free the Philippines |
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Term
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Definition
| 68-mile march of American and Filipino soldiers where the Japanese killed many people |
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Term
| battles of the Coral Sea and Midway Island |
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Definition
| battles when US warships and airplanes severely damaged two Japanese fleets; greatly weakened Japanese naval power and stopped Japanese advance |
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Definition
| place in the Solomon Islands where the US Marines landed with MacArthur and were victorious |
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Term
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Definition
| campaign to recapture some Japanese-held islands while bypassing others |
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Definition
| commander of the United States Navy that blockaded Japan in 1944 |
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Definition
| said "if the war is to be lost, the nation also will perish." |
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Definition
| Hitler's nickname for Europe |
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Definition
| bloody battle in December 1944 that turned out to be Hitler's last success |
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Definition
| German cities where Allied raids had been detrimental to the city in 1945 |
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Term
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Definition
| where American and Russian soldiers met and shook hands and Axis armies began to surrender |
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Term
| V-E Day (Victory in Europe) |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Japanese islands that had battles on and showed that the Japanese would fight to the death rather than surrender |
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Definition
| Japanese pilots who undertook suicide missions crashing their explosive-laden airplanes into American warships |
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Definition
| site where the first atomic bomb was successfully tested in July 1945 |
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Definition
| president who made the decision to drop the atomic bomb |
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Term
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Definition
| city where Allied leaders met and warned the Japanese to surrender or face "utter and complete destruction" |
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Term
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Definition
| city where the atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945 |
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Definition
| country that declared war on Japan and invaded Manchuria after the first atomic bomb had been dropped |
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Term
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Definition
| city where the second atomic bomb was dropped on August 9, 1945 |
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Definition
| the American battleship where the formal peace treaty was signed on September 2, 1945 anchored in Tokyo Bay |
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Term
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Definition
| Nazi commander at Auschwitz who admited that he had supervised the killing of 2.5 million people |
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Term
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Definition
| crime trials in Germany that the Allies held where Hitler had staged mass rallies in the 1930s |
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Term
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Definition
| group of nations created in April 1945 to play a greater role in world affairs |
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Term
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Definition
| document that said that eah member of the UN had one vote in the General Assembly |
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Term
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Definition
| small body of the UN that had five permanent members - the US, the Soviet Union, Britain, France, and China |
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Term
| World Health Organization and Agricultural Organization |
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Definition
| UN agencies that have provided help for millions of people around the world |
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Definition
| a state of tension and hostility among nations, without armed conflict between the major rivals; between the US and the Soviet Union |
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Definition
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Definition
| what Roosevelt and Churchill made Stalin promise in Eastern Europe |
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Term
| "iron curtain" dividing the continent |
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Definition
| how Churchill described Soviet control of Eastern Europe |
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Term
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Definition
| Truman's new policy: "I believe that it must be the policy of the United States to support free people who are resisting attempting subjugation by armed minorities or by outside pressures" |
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Definition
| limiting communism to the areas already under Soviet control |
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Term
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Definition
| the American statesman who first proposed this approach, believed that communism would eventually destroy itself |
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Definition
| what Stalin saw containment as because of the capitalist world that wanted to isolate the Soviet Union |
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Term
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Definition
| plan under which the US funneled food and economic assistance to Europe to help countries rebuild |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| part of Germany that democratic nations allowed the people to write their own constitution and regain self-government |
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Term
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Definition
| part of Germany where the Soviet Union installed a communist government tied to Moscow |
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Term
| Berlin Airlift "Operation Vittles" |
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Definition
| when Stalin tried to force the western Allies out of Berlin by sealing off every railroad and highway into the western sectors of the city and the western powers mounted a round-the-clock airlift |
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Term
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) |
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Definition
| 1949 military alliance formed with the United States, Canada, and nine Western European countries; pledged to help one another if any one of them was attacked |
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Term
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Definition
| 1955 pact including the USSR and seven satellites in Eastern Europe; was a weapon used by the Soviets to keep its satellites in order |
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Term
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Definition
| bombers, missiles, and submarines to launch weapons of mass destruction |
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Term
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Definition
| Churchill's phrase describing the global balance of power |
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