Term
| Types of feeding and swallowing disorders |
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Definition
1. Pediatric feeding and swallowing problems - tend to be associated with specific developmental disorders (ex. cleft palate)
2. Adult dysphasia - swallowing disorder often the result of a nervous system malfunction (ex. stroke) |
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Term
| Types of hearing disorders |
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Definition
1. Sensorineural hearing loss - a breakdown in the hearing system in the inner ear or auditory nerve (usually permanent)
2. Conductive hearing loss - breakdown in the hearing system in the outer or middle ear (usually treatable)
3. Auditory processing disorder - breakdown in the processing of speech sounds in the auditory center in the brain. |
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Term
| Types of speech disorders |
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Definition
1. Articulation disorders
2. Phonological disorders
3. Fluency disorders - high rate or duration of breaks in speech
4. Voice disorders - difficulties with voice
5. Motor Speech disorders - distortions, substitutions, and omissions |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to a significant breakdown in the linguistic system that has an impact on one or more of the folloowing domains: semantics, syntax, morphology, phonology, or pragmatics |
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Term
| A communication disorder is only present when: |
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Definition
1. operates outside the minial norms of acceptability of one's culture or language group.
2. is considered disordered by one's culture or language group.
3. interferes with communication or calls attention to itself within one's culture or language group. |
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Term
| Key poionts where a breakdown in communication may occur: |
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Definition
1. Formulation - difficulty formulating a message.
2. Transmission - difficulty in effectively transmitting a message.
3. Reception - difficulty in receiving a message.
4. Comprehension - difficulty in comprehending a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| The processing of human speech. It is different from auditory perception (a more general term that describes the brain's processing of any type of auditory information. |
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Term
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Definition
| The perceived loudness of the sound. (how far apart the air particles move when going back and forth) |
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Term
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Definition
| The perception of pitch. (how fast air particles move back and forth) |
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Term
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Definition
1. Creation of sound source
2. Vibration of air particles
3. Reception by ear
4. Comprehension by brain |
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Term
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Definition
| The perception of sound (hearing) specifically, the perception of speech. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Building blocks for normal speech (4) |
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Definition
1. Breathstream - adequate breathstream for talking
2. Voice - voice quality
3. Articulation - precision in phoneme production
4. Fluency - produced effortlessly and smoothly |
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Term
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Definition
The smallest unit of sound.
Ex mama = 4 phonemes /m/ /a/ /m/ /a/ |
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Term
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Definition
| The neuromuscular process that aloows humans to express language as a vocal product (needs respiration, phonation, and articulation) |
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Term
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Definition
| (use) The rules governing how language is used for social purposes |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to deliberately scrutinize language as an object of attention |
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Term
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Definition
| (form) The rules of language governing the sounds we use to make syllables and words. |
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Term
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Definition
| (form) The rules of language governing the internal organization of words. |
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Term
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Definition
| Is how language is used functionally for meeting personal and social needs (pragmatics) |
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Term
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Definition
| (form) The rules governing the inernal organization of sentences. |
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Term
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Definition
| (content) The rules governing the meaning of individual words and word combinations |
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Term
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Definition
| How words, sentences, and sounds are organized and arranged to convey content (consists of syntax, phonology, and morphology) |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the meaning of language (semantics) |
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Term
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Definition
| Human language allows us to represent events that are decontectualized, or removed from the present. It allows us to talk about things that are not concret, are intagible, abstract, hypothetical and complex. |
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Term
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Definition
| The principal of combination, specifically the combination of a small number of discreet unites into seemingly infinite creations. |
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Term
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Definition
| Language is ubiqitous. Every human culture has one and sometimes many language, and all languages are equally complex. (also, what one human can say another human can also say) |
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Term
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Definition
| Recognizes that while many non-human species are able to communicate, their communication abilities are wholly iconic. |
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Term
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Definition
| The socially shared code that uses a conventional system of abritrary symbols to represent ideas about the world that are meaningful to those who know the same code. |
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Term
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Definition
the four principals for effective communication
1. quantity - saying enough to your point across clearly.
2. quality - accurate information
3. relevance - maintains topic and uses appropriate transitions
4. manner - speaks fluently without frequent hesitations or revisions, takes turns etc. |
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Term
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Definition
7 categories of communication purposes
1. instrumental - used to ask for something
2. regulatory - give directions and to direct others
3. interactional - interact and converse with others in a social way
4. personal - to express a state of mind or feeling
5. heuristic - to find out information and to inquire.
6. imaginative - to tell stories and role-play
7. informative - toprovide an organized description of an event or object |
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Term
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Definition
| Happens when the receiver doesn't understand the speaker. It is usually followed by a conversational repair initiated by the speaker. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the use of pitch, loudness and pausing. |
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Term
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Definition
| verbal feedback. Ex. "I hear what you're saying", "I totally agree" and "mm-hmm" |
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Term
| Feedback and types of feedback |
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Definition
| Information provided by the receiver to the sender. Types of feedback include: linguistic, nonlinguistic (or extralinguistic), and paralinguistic |
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Term
| Extralinguistic (non-linguistic) feedback |
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Definition
| Refers to the use of eye contact, facial expression, posture, and proximity. This type of feedback may supplement linguistic feedback or may stand alone. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of making sense of a message. |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the process of sharing information between 2 or more persons, or more specifically, "the transmission of thoughts or feelings from the mind of the speaker to the mind of a listener." |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of pulling together one's thoughts or ideas for sharing with another. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of conveying ideas to another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of receiving information from another person. |
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Term
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Definition
| The manner in which information conveyed via communication is transmitted and received. Speech is the most common for humans. Sign language and writing are also examples. |
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Term
SLP's
Salary, Requirements, Rank, Growth, National Organization |
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Definition
Rank -
Growth - 11%
Requirements - Master's degree - at least 36 hours of graduate level coursework and 400 hours of supervised clinical hours with 375 hours involving direct client contact. Must pass a national exam and complete a 9 month supervised clinical fellowship for CCC
National Organization - American Speech-Language Hearing Association (ASHA) |
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Term
Audiologist
Salary, Requirements, Rank, Growth,
National Organization |
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Definition
Rank -
Growth - 10%
Requirements - Master's degree (changing to Doctorate) 75 hours postbaccalaureate semester credit hours as well as the equivelent of 12 months, full time supervised clinical practicum
National Organization - American Academy of Audiology (AAA or Triple A) and ASHA |
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