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| Jerusalem and parts of the surrounding area where Jesus lived and taught |
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| series of military expeditions launched by Christian Europeans to win the Holy Land back from Muslim control |
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| city in the Holy Land, regarded as sacred by Christians, Muslims, and Jews |
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| person who journeys to a sacred place |
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| Pope who called for war to win back the Holy Land |
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| took control of the Holy land in the 1000s and much of the Byzantine Empire |
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| strong Muslim leader during the Crusades; retook Jerusalem in 1187 |
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| led an "army" of common people in the People's Crusade |
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| negotiated a treaty with Saladin to allow Christian pilgrims back to Jerusalem |
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| "Great Charter"; limited king's power over his nobles; signed by King John in 1215 |
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| council of lords, clergy, and commoners that advised the English king |
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| series of conflicts between England and France (1337-1453) |
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| community of people that shares territory and government |
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| conqueror from Normandy who conquered England in 1066 and became king |
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| peasant girl that led the French to victory in the 1429 Battle of Orleans; later burned at the stake |
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| place along the Thames River where King John signed the Magna Carta |
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| non-religious reason for Crusades |
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| 1st step in becoming a knight; learned chess and backgammon |
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| 2nd step in becoming a knight; dressing knight in armor and accompanying knight into battle |
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| squire that did not become a knight |
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| 1066 battle in which Normans conquered England |
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| control of English Channel |
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| cause of the Hundred Years' War |
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| revival of trade; increased use of $$ |
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Definition
| 2 effects of the Crusades in Europe |
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| destroyed during 4th Crusade |
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| led the Children's Crusade |
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Term
| Dec. of Independence & Constitution |
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Definition
| Magna Carta influenced these |
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