Term
| What does the abdominal cavity contain? |
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Definition
| The abdomen proper and the lesser pelvis |
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Term
| From where does the abdominal cavity extend to? |
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Definition
| From the diaphragm to the base of the pelvis. |
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Term
| What is the abdominal cavity enclosed by and what does it do? |
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Definition
| the abs are enclosed by musculature, and it maintains the position of the abdominal and pelvic structure. |
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Term
| What is the abdomen bounded by? |
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Definition
| the abs are bounded by bony structures. |
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Term
| What are the bony structures that bound the abdomen. |
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Definition
| The ribs, iliac crest, pelvic girdle and the vertebrae. |
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Term
| What are the bony landmarks in abdominal surgery. |
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Definition
| The xiphoid process, subcoastal margin, anterior iliac crest, and the syphphysis pubis. |
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Term
| What is the importance of bony landmarks? |
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Definition
| They serve as reference points for muscular attachments and incisions. |
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Term
| What are the contents of the abdomen proper? |
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Definition
| The digestive tract, the liver, gallbladder, pancreas, spleen, kidneys, adrenal glands, blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes, and nerves. |
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Term
| What are the contents of the lesser pelvis? |
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Definition
| Coils of digestive tract and it's most distal portions, blood and lymph vessels, lymph nodes and nerves. |
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Term
| What are the nine regions the abdomen may be divided into? |
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Definition
| the epigastric, right and left hypochondrium, the umbilical, the right and left lumbar, the hypogastric, and the right and left iliac regions. |
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Term
| Besides bony landmarks, what may be used to identify regions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the surface features? |
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Definition
| The umbilicus, Linea alba, semilunar lines of Spieghel, and bilateral abdominocrural creases. |
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Term
| What muscles are on the anterior surface of the abdomen? |
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Definition
| The external and internal oblique, the transverse abdominis, and the rectus abdominis. |
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Term
| What are the three "flat muscles" and where do they attach? |
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Definition
| the oblique groups and the transverse abdominis. They attach at the lower ribs and iliac crest |
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Term
| The rectus abdominis arises and extends to? |
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Definition
| it arises from the coastal margin and sides of the xiphoid process, and extends to the symphysis pubis. |
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Term
| The abdominal muscles are wrapped in what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The transverse abdominis and obliques insert into what? |
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Definition
| A dense white tendon named the aponeurosis. |
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Term
| Where does the aponeuroses come together and what does it form? |
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Definition
| it comes together at the midline and forms the "sheath" around the rectus abdomnis and linea alba. |
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Term
| What is the abdominal cavity lined with? |
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Definition
| A fibrous flimsy tissue called the peritoneum. |
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Term
| What does the parietal peritonum line? |
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Definition
| the anterior, lateral, and posterior abdominal walls, the pelvis, and the inferior surface of the diaphragm. |
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Term
| What does the visceral cover? |
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Definition
| It covers all organs of the peritoneal cavity. |
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Term
| What is the primary function of the peritoneum? |
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Definition
| to provide a slippery surface so that the viscera can freely glide. |
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Term
| The abdominal cavity contains a small amount of fluid. True or false? |
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Definition
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Term
| What innervates the parietal peritoneum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the retroperitoneum |
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Definition
| A "plane" that occupies the area posterior to the abdominal parietal peritoneum. |
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Term
| What is the retroperitoneum bounded by? |
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Definition
| Anteriorly by the peritoneum, posteriorly by the spine, and laterally by the psoas and quadratus lumborum muscles, and superiorly by the 12th ribs and diaphragm, and inferiorly by the pelvis. |
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Term
| What are the three regions of the retroperitoneum? |
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Definition
| the anterior pararenal, the perirenal, and the posterior pararenal. |
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Term
| What does the Alimentary Canal include? |
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Definition
| The pharyngeal, esophageal, gastric, and intestinal portions. |
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Term
| The Esophagus passes through what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The esophagus connects what to the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| What closes the upper esophagus? |
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Definition
| The pharyngoesophageal spincter |
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Term
| What closes the esophagus distally? |
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Definition
| The cardiac sphincter, also known as the esophagogastric sphincter. |
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Term
| Blood supply to the esophagus is accomplished by what? |
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Definition
| The inferior thyroid artery (upper), the bronchial and the intercoastal arteries (middle), and the celiac artery (lower) |
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Term
| What innervates the esophagus? |
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Definition
| the vagus and the cervical and thoracic ganglia. |
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Term
| The stomach is the most dilated portion of the alimentary canal? T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| The alimentary cavity lies in the epigastric, umbilical, and left hypochondriac regions. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the cardia located? And what does it do? |
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Definition
| It's located at the esophagogastric junction and opens into the body of the stomach. |
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Term
| The musculature of the stomach consists of how many layers? |
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Definition
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Term
| The inner later of the stomach is thicker in the antrum than in the fundus. T or F? |
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Definition
| False, the it's thicker in the fundus than in the antrum. |
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Term
| The middle musculature layer of the stomach is considered incomplete. T or F? |
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Definition
| False. The middle layer is considered the only complete layer. |
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Term
| What role does the greater/lesser curvature of the stomach play? |
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Definition
| It plays a dominant role in gastric emptying with the antral "pump" mechanism. |
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Term
| The pyloric sphincter seperates what? |
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Definition
| The pylorus from the duodenum |
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Term
| Blood supply to the stomach is via what arteries? |
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Definition
| The left gastric artery, the first and smallest branch of the celiac artery, and the left gastroepiploic and short branches of the splenic artery. |
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Term
| How many veins drain the stomach? |
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Definition
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Term
| The left gastric vein serves the cardia, fundus and the greater curvature. T or F? |
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Definition
| it drains all of the above EXCEPT the greater curvature. Instead it is the lesser curvature. |
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Term
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Definition
| The right gastric artery? |
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Term
| What drains the great curvature of the stomach? |
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Definition
| The short gastrics, and left and right gastroepiploics |
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Term
| Parasympathetic innervation of the stomach is by what nerve? |
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Definition
| left and right vagal nerve |
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Term
| The function of the stomach begins with what? |
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Definition
| Mucous secretions of the cardia |
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Term
| The fundus produces hydrochloric acid. T or F? |
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Definition
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Term
| The small intestines are composed of what? |
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Definition
| Duodenum, ileum, and jejunum |
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Term
| Blood supply to the duodenum arises from where? |
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Definition
| the right gastric supraduodenel, right gastroepiploic, and the superior and inferior pancreaticduodenal |
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Term
| The pylorus is a storage place for what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Vagal innervation of the stomach affects what? |
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Definition
| gastric motility and pepsin production |
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Term
| The cecum, ascending colon, and right portion of the transverse colon are supplied with what? |
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Definition
| Blood from the ileocolic, right colic, and middle colic branches |
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