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| The amount of stretching stress (tensile) a material can withstand before it bends or breaks. |
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| Construction using sun-dried bricks and coated with mud plaster. |
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| A large hall constructed using post-and-lintel. |
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| Load-Bearing Construction |
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| Also called “stacking and piling”, this is the simplest method of making a building. Layer is piled upon layer getting gradually thinner towards the top. |
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| An elementary construction method based on 2 vertical uprights (posts) supporting a horizontal crosspiece (lintel). |
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| Chinese and Japanese architects used clusters of interlocking wooden brackets and arms to crown the tops of columns to create gracefully curved roofs |
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| The pointed arch and vault arcs up to a point. This allows weight to channel down at a steeper angle creating a taller arch. It is reinforced with ribs to create stability. |
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| A dome is a structure generally in the shape of a hemisphere or half globe |
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| Cast-iron construction utilizes a skeleton and skin method. During the 19th century its usefulness as a structural building was proven. |
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| Balloon-frame construction utilizes a skeleton and skin method. The builder first develops a framework by nailing boards together, then adds a roof, and sheathes the walls. |
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| Steel-frame construction utilizes a skeleton and skin method. Each lower story supports those above it. The builder creates a steel cage. A skin of some other material is sheathed over it. Skyscrapers are built using this method. |
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| Reinforced concrete relies on iron rods embedded into wet concrete. The iron adds tensile strength, while the concrete provides shape and surface allowing for a wide variety of structures and shapes. |
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| a dome constructed of short struts following geodesic lines and forming an open framework of triangles or polygons. The principles of its construction were described by Buckminster Fuller. |
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| is a structural method made possible by steel. Cables run vertically to a main cable which sags on a parabolic curve between vertical support pylons driven into the ground. |
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| combine piers with suspender cables (stays). The suspenders rise on an incline towards the towers |
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| No base; the capital (topmost part) is bell-shaped |
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| Stepped base; the capital has 2 spirals called volutes. |
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| Stepped base; the capital is carved acanthus leaves |
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| Unadorned band of lintels above columns |
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| Decorated with relief sculpture |
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| Shelf-like projection above frieze |
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| Consists of 3 elements: architrave, frieze, and cornice |
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| A series of arches placed flush together; creates large interior spaces. |
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| A long central area of a church. |
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| The result of 2 barrel vaults crossed at right angles to each other. The weight and stress are channeled down to the four corners. |
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| A space created by one groin vault. |
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| Butrresses, Piers, Flying Buttresses |
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| Exterior reinforcements used on cathedrals to create stability. |
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| the circular base of a domes building |
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| Recessions created into a ceiling which help to lessen weight |
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| an opening at the top of domed ceiling |
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| A porch extending from a building |
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| Slender towers often seen on the outside of mosques |
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| their function is to make a smooth transition between a rectangle and a dome in a building |
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| Each row of stones extends slightly beyond the one below until eventually the opening is bridged; can be used in arch, vault, and dome construction. |
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| 2 innovations cause the development of ballon-frame construction |
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Definition
Improved method for milling lumber
Mass produced nails |
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Definition
| another term for reinforced concrete |
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| a horizontal form supported at one end and jutting out into space at the other: made possible by ferroconcrete |
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| Providing present needs without compromising the ability of future generations to provide for their own needs |
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