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| the creation of products and services by turning inputs, such as natural resources, raw materials, human resources,and capital, into outputs, which are products and services. |
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| management of the production process |
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| the aspect of operations management in which the firm considers the competitive environment and its own stragic goal in an effort to find the best productin methods |
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| the way a good or service is created |
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| the manufacture of many identical goods at once |
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| a manufacturing process in which goods are mass produced up to a point and then custom-tailored to the needs or desires of individual customers |
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| the production of goods or services one at a time according to the specific needs or wants of individual customers |
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| a manufactering firm that produces goods in response to customer orders |
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| a production process in which the basic input is broken down into one or more outputs (products) |
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| a production process in which the basic inputs are either combined to create the output or transformed into the output |
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| a production process that uses long production runs lasting days, weeks, or months without equipment shutdowns; generally used for high volume, low variety products with standardized parts |
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| a production process that uses short production runs to make batches or different products; generally used for low volume, high variety products. |
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| a ficility arrangement in which work flows according to the production process, all workers performing similar tasks are grouped together, and producs pass from one workstation to another. |
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| product(or assembly line) layout |
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Definition
| a facility arrangent in which workstations or departments are arranged in a line with products moving along the line |
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Definition
| a facility arrangement in which the product stays in one place and workers and machinery move to it as needed |
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| production technique that uses small, self contained produciton units, each performing all or most of the tasks necessary to complete a manufacturing order |
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| a list of the items and the number of each required to make a given product |
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| the process of buying production inputs form various sources;also called procurement |
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| the determination by a firm of whether to make its own production materials or to buy them from outside sources. |
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| the purchase of items from an outside source rather than making them internally |
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| the supply of goods that a firm holds for use in production or for sale to customers |
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| the determination of how much of each type of inventory a firm will keep on hand and the ordering, recieving, storing, and tracking of it. |
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Definition
| a continuously updated list of inventory levels, orders, sales, and receipts |
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Term
| materials requirment planning (MRP) |
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Definition
| a computerized system of controlling the flow of resources and inventory. a master schedule is used to ensure that the materials, labor, and equipment needed for production are at the right places in the right amounts at the right times |
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Term
| manufacturing resource planning II (MRPII) |
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Definition
| a complex computerized system that integrates data from many departments to allow managers to more accurately forecast and asses the impact of production plans on profitability |
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| enterprise resourcing planning (ERP) |
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Definition
| a computerized resource-planning system that incorporates information about the firms supplieers and customers with its internally generated data. |
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Definition
| the entire sequences of securing inputs, producing goods, and delivering goods to customers |
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Definition
| the process of smoothing transitions along the supply chain so that the firm can sarisfy its customers with quality products and services; focuses on developing tight bonds with suppliers |
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Definition
| the process of purchasing suppliers and materials online using the internet |
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| electronic data interchange (EDI) |
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Definition
| the electronic exchange of information between two trading partners |
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Definition
| the aspect of production control that involves setting out the work flow- the sequence of machines and operations through which the product or service progresses from start to finish |
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Definition
| the aspect of production control that involves specifying and controlling the time required for each step in the production process |
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Term
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Definition
| bar graphs plotted on a time line that show the relationship between scheduled and actual production |
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Term
| critical path method (CPM) |
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Definition
| a scheduling tool that enables a manager to determine the critical path of activities for a project- the activities that will cause the entire project to fall behind schedule if they are not completed on time. |
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Term
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Definition
| in a critical path method network, the longest path through the linked activities. |
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| program evaluation and review technique (PERT) |
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Definition
| a scheduling tool that is similar to the CPM method but assigns three time estimates for each activity (optimistic, most probablle, and pessimistic) allows managers to anticipate delays and potential problems and schedule accordingly. |
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| goods and services that meet customer expecations by providing reliable performance |
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Definition
| the process of creating quality standards, producing goods that meet them and measuring finished goods and services against them. |
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| total quality management (TQM) |
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Definition
| the use of quality principles in all aspects of a companys production and operations |
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Definition
| a commitment to constantly seek better ways of doing things in order to acheive greater efficiency and improve quality |
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Definition
| a quality control process that relies on the defining what needs to be done to ensure quality measuring and analyzing production results statistically, and finding ways to improve and control quality |
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| malcom baldrige national quality award |
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Definition
| an award given to recognize U.S companies that offer goods and services of world class quality. est. by congress in 1987 and named for a former secretary of commerce |
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Term
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Definition
| a set of five techical standards of quality management created by the international organization for standardization to provide a uniform way of determining wheter manufacturing plants and service organizations conform to sound quality procedures |
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Definition
| a set of techical standards designed by the international organization for standardization to promote clean productionprocesses to protect the environment |
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Definition
| streamlining production by eliminating steps in the productoin process that do not add benefits customers want |
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Definition
| a system in which materials arrive exactly when they are needed for production, rather than being stored on site |
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Term
| computer aided design (CAD) |
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Definition
| the use of computers to design and test new products and modify existing ones |
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| computer aided manufacturing (CAM) |
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Definition
| the use of computers to develope and control the production process |
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Term
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Definition
| linked computer systems that combine the advantages of computer aided design an computer aided manufacruring, the system helps design the product, control the flow of resources needed to produce the product, and operate the production process. |
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Definition
| the technology involved in designing, constructing, and operating computer controlled machines that can perform tasks independently |
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Term
| flexible manufacturing system (FMS) |
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Definition
| a system that combines automated workstations with computer controlled transportation devices automatic guided vehicles (AGVs) that move materials between workstations and into and out of the system |
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| computer integrated manufacturing (CIM) |
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Definition
| the combination of computerized manufacturing processes (like robots and flexible manufacturing systems) with other computerized systems that control design, inventory, production, and purchasing. |
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| business process management (BPM) |
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Definition
| a unified system that has the power to integrate and optimize a companys sprayling functions by automating much of what it does |
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