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| Protective protein produced by B lymphocytes in response to the presence of a foreign substance called an antigen. |
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| Substance, recognized as harmful to the host, that stimulates formation of antibodies in an immunocompetent individual |
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| Substance derived from the breakdown of hemoglobin and excreted by the liver |
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| Chemical substance produced by certain cells that initiates, inhibits, increases, or decreases activity in other cells |
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| Ability to develop an immune response or recognize antigens and respond to them |
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| Natural Killer (NK) cells |
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| Specialized lymphocytes that kill abnormal cells by releasing chemicals that destroy the cell membrane, causing its intercellular fluids to leak out |
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| base (alkaline, opposite of acid) |
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| abnormal condition; increase (used primarily with blood cells) |
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| other, differing from the normal |
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| Aplastic (hypoplastic) anemia |
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| Serious form of anemia associated with bone marrow failure and resulting in erythropenia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia |
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| Folic-acid deficiency anemia |
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| Inability to produce sufficient red blood cells (RBCs) due to the lack of folic acid, a B-vitamin essential for erythropoiesis |
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| Destruction of RBCs, commonly resulting in jaundice |
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| Lack of sufficient iron in RBCs |
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| Chronic, progressive anemia found mostly in people older than age 50 due to lack of sufficient vitamin B12 needed for blood cell development |
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| Inherited anemia that causes RBCs to become crescent shaped when oxygen levels are low |
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| Disseminated intravascular coagulation |
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| Abnormal activation of the proteins involved in blood coagulation, causing small blood clots to form in vessels and cutting off the supply of oxygen to distal tissues. |
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| Process in which a recipient's immune system attacks a transplanted organ or tissue |
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| Graft-versus-host disease |
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| Complication that occurs following a stem cell or bone marrow transplant in which the transplant produces antibodies against recipient's organs that can be severe enough to cause death |
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| localized accumulation of blood, usually clotted, in an organ, space, or tissue due to a break in or severing of a blood vessel |
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| Any disorder caused by abnormalities in the hemoglobin molecule |
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| Any disease of the lymph nodes |
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| Swelling, primarily in a single arm or leg, due to an accumulation of lymph within tissues caused by obstruction or disease in the lymph vessels |
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| Malignant tumor of plasma cells (cells that help the body fight infection by producing antibodies in the bone marrow) |
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| Presence of bacteria or their toxins in the blood; also called septicemia or blood poisoning |
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| Systemic lupus erythematosus |
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| Widespread autoimmune disease that may affect the skin, brain, kidneys, and joints and causes chronic inflammation; also called discoid lupus if sx are limited to the skin |
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| Overproduction of platelets, leading to thrombosis or bleeding disorders due to platelet malformations |
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| Abnormal decrease in platelets caused by low production of platelets in the bone marrow or increased destruction of platelets in the blood vessels (intravascular), spleen (extravascular), or liver (extravascular). |
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| Bleeding disorder caused by a deficiency of von Willebrand factor, a "sticky" protein that lines blood vessels and reacts with platelets to form a plug that leads to clot formation |
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| Any form of tx that alters, enhances, stimulates or restores the body's natural immune mechanisms to tx disease |
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| Allergy injections immunotherapy |
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| Injection with increasing strengths of the offending antigen given over a period of months or years to increase tolerance to an antigen responsible for severe allergies |
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| Use of immune system stimulators to enhance the immune response in the treatment of certain forms of cancer, rheumatoid arthritis, and Crohn disease; also known as biological therapy or biotherapy |
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| removal of a small sample of bone marrow using a thin aspirating needle (usually from the pelvis for microscopic examination |
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| Infusion of healthy bone marrow stem cells after the diseased bone marrow is destroyed by chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; used to tx leukemia, aplastic anemia, and certain cancers |
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| autologous bone marrow transplant |
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| Infusion of the pt's own bone marrow or stem cells after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy |
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| Homologous bone marrow transplant |
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| Infusion of bone marrow or stem cells from a compatible donor after a course of chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy; also called allogenic transplant |
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| Removal of lymph nodes, especially in surgical procedures undertaken to remove malignant tissue |
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| Removal of the first node (sentinel node) that receives drainage from cancer-containing area and the one most likely to contain malignant cells |
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| Infusion of blood or blood products from one person (donor) to another person (recipient) |
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| Antinuclear antibody (ANA) |
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| Test to identify antibodies that attacks the nucleus of the individual's own body cells (auto-antibodies) |
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| Test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream |
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| Complete blood count (CBC) |
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| Series of tests that includes Hb; hematocrit; red and white blood cell counts, platelet counts; and differential count; also called hemogram |
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| Nonspecific rapid serological test for the presence of the heterophile antibody, which develops several days after injection by Epstein-Barr virus, the organism that caused infectious mononucleosis |
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| Partial thromboplastin time (PTT) |
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| Test that measures the length of time it takes blood to clot to screen for deficiencies of some clotting factors; also called activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) |
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| Test that measures the time it takes for prothrombin to form a clot; also called pro time. |
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| Test used to dx pernicious anemia by determining if the body properly absorbs Vit B12 through the digestive tract |
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| bone marrow magnetic resonance imaging |
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| Highly sensitive imaging procedure that detects lesions and changes in bone tissue, especially in multiple myeloma |
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| Visualization of lymphatic channels and lymph nodes using a contrast medium to determine blockages or other pathologies of the lymph system |
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| Intro of a radioactive tracer into the lymph channels to determine lymph flow, identify obstructions, and locate the sentinel node. |
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