Term
|
Definition
| Total number of births per 1000 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Total number of deaths per 1000 |
|
|
Term
| What is the continent with the highest CBR and CDR? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 most populous countries? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 most useful indicators of a country's health? |
|
Definition
| Infant Mortality rate and life expectancy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| death of children per 1000 before their 1st birthday |
|
|
Term
| Replacement Level Fertility |
|
Definition
| Number of children needed to replace parents |
|
|
Term
| Why is the Replacement Level Fertility higher than 2? |
|
Definition
| Because of infant mortality |
|
|
Term
| Total Fertility Rate (TFR) |
|
Definition
| Average number of children women have |
|
|
Term
| What is Total Fertility Rate most useful for? |
|
Definition
| For predicting future population change |
|
|
Term
| What is the leaing cause of infant mortality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Will strain social security
Strain medicare as they age
Influence government by demanding goods and services |
|
|
Term
| What was the average TFR in 2006? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of births outnumber deaths? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percent of the births came from illegal and legal immigration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Desired gender (gender imbalance)
Abortion
Contraception
Delayed marriage |
|
|
Term
| How much of the world's land do women possess? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How much of the world's income do women receive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the number of children a woman has affected by? |
|
Definition
Having rights
Education
Employment
Infant deaths
Availability of pension
Contraception |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 age structure categories? |
|
Definition
Prereproductive
Reproductive
Postreproductive |
|
|
Term
| What countries have a negative growth rate? |
|
Definition
| Germany, Bulgaria, Sweden |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Stuck in transition, population growth overwhelms economic growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| high birth/death rate, high infant mortality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Birth rate decreases, most developed countries are at this place |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Birth/death rates are equal |
|
|
Term
| How are grey wolves keystone species? |
|
Definition
| vegetation reestablishes, species diversity expands, food for scavengers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Instrumental and intrinsic value |
|
|
Term
| What are the nonuse values? |
|
Definition
| Existence, aesthetic, bequest values |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Economic and ecological services |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Value based on existence, regardless of usefulness to humans |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Satisfaction of knowing it exists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protect for future generations |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common use of wood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Have not been seriously disturbed for several hundreds of years |
|
|
Term
| What are snags/fallen trees important? |
|
Definition
| Create habitat, recycle nutrients, holds soil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trees resulting from natural secondary succession. Tree farms are second growth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| planted stands of a particular tree species (monoculture) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Runoff or eroded soil into aquatic systems, premature extinction of species within specialized niches, regional climate change from extensive clearing, release of CO2 into atmosphere |
|
|
Term
| Building ___ leads to fragmentation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trees can be harvested individually from diverse forests |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an entire forest can be cut down |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Portions of forest cut out, follows curve of mountain |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Selective/strip cutting. Reduce roads into uncut forests, protecting old-growth, reduce fragmentation |
|
|
Term
| Certified Sustainable Forestry |
|
Definition
| Cutting doesn't exceed regeneration, 6% of world's forests are certified, leave snags |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burns only the surface litter |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Burns very hot, moves fast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| set controlled surface fires, allow fires to burn if they don't threaten life/property |
|
|
Term
| Healthy Forest Restoration Act |
|
Definition
| Allows timber companies to cut medium and large trees in 71% of the national forests. must clear away smaller, more fire-prone trees and underbrush |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| For paper. No fertilizer, no pesticide, more fiber, less energy but lots of money |
|
|
Term
| Where does most of the world's hardwood come from? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| broad leafs whose seeds are in fruit |
|
|
Term
| What continent has the fastest tropical deforestation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the consequences of burning rain forests? |
|
Definition
Climate change, reduces rainfall
Why? CO2 sink, transpiration
Rain forest becomes savanna |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
treatment of many diseases, lumber, fuel, spermicide
in India |
|
|
Term
| Basic causes for deforestation |
|
Definition
| Poverty, population growth |
|
|
Term
| Secondary causes for desforestation |
|
Definition
| oil drilling, mining, cattle ranching, cash crops |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Coffee, bananas, cocoa, nuts, etc |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Allows a fair return to the growers for their work |
|
|
Term
| What are the two grasslands? |
|
Definition
| Natural grasslands (rangelands) and managed grasslands (pastures) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| soil compaction, invasive species, lowers water holding capacity, erosion |
|
|
Term
| Sustain grassland productivity |
|
Definition
| Controlling the number/distribution of livestock, restoring degraded rangeland |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trying yo return to original state |
|
|
Term
| How to Restore Grasslands |
|
Definition
| Protect the riparian areas, suppress invasive species, replant native grass, rotate watering holes |
|
|
Term
| What is the national forest managed by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is national wildlife refuges manged by? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| National Forest vs. National Park |
|
Definition
National Forest: can do more activities
National Park: restricted use |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protect habitats, provide recreation from human activities. Humans are temporary visitors |
|
|
Term
| National Wildlife and Scenic River System |
|
Definition
| 1968 to preserve certain rivers from human activities |
|
|
Term
| What is bad about habitat corridors? |
|
Definition
| Makes it easier for invasive species to get in |
|
|
Term
| How can we make conservation more appealing? |
|
Definition
| Make conversation more profitable, initiate restoration, prevent damage |
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