Term
| What is the function of a ligament? |
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of vital organs that bones of the skeleton protect |
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Definition
| brain, spinal cord, and heart |
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Term
| How does the skeleton provide movement? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the tendon? |
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Definition
| tendons attach muscle to bone |
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Term
| What minerals are stored by bones? |
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Definition
| calcium, phosphorous, magnesium, plus additional nutrients |
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Term
| What blood cells are produced by red bone marrow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the specialized cells found in cartilage? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the purpose of proteoglycans in cartilage? |
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Definition
| make cartilage bendable and soft |
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Term
| What does resilient mean? |
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Definition
| being able to withstand compression forces |
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Term
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Definition
| they are cartilage matrix-producer cells |
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Term
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Definition
| they are cartilage-mainenance cells |
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Term
| What is the perichondrium? |
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Definition
| thin covering over the top of the cartilage body |
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Term
| Why is hyaline cartilage called articular cartilage? |
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Definition
| because it covers the ends of bones |
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Term
| What is appositional growth in cartilage? |
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Definition
| growth that occurs on outside main body of cartilage |
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Term
| What is interstitial growth in cartilage? |
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Definition
| growth that occurs within main body of cartilage |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Examples of irregular bones |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the difference between bone diaphysis and bone epiphysis? |
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Definition
| bone diaphysis is the middle of the bone and bone epiphysis is the end of the bone |
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Term
| What is the difference between the epiphyseal plate and the epiphyseal line? |
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Definition
| epiphyseal plate contains cartiage that is used for producing bone and epiphyseal line forms after the plate has stopped producing bone |
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Term
| Where is the medullary cavity and what is contained in it? |
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Definition
| it is inside the diaphysis and contains yellow marrow |
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Term
| Where is the periosteum and what does it contain? |
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Definition
| it is the outer convering of bone and it contains nerves and blood vessels |
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Term
| What are Sharpey's fibers? |
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Definition
| they attach the periosteum to bone and serve as attachment for ligamnets and tendons |
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Term
| What is the function of endosteum? |
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Definition
| lines internal cavities of bone |
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Term
| What substance makes up the organic portion of bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What substance makes up the inorganic portion of bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of osteoblast, osteocyte, and osteoclast? |
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Definition
blast-forms/produces
cytes-maintain
clasts-break down |
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Term
| What are osteochondral progenitor cells? |
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Definition
| stem cells can be used to form new bone cells if needed |
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Term
| How is woven bone related to lamellar or cancellous bone? |
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Definition
woven-formed during embryonic/fetal development and fracture repair
lamellae-layers of bone used to make lamellar bone
cancellous-has support structures calledc trabecula |
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Term
| What mineral gives bone its strength for weight bearing? |
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Definition
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Term
| What protein material gives bone its flexibility? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the proportion of collagen protein to mineral matter in a bone? |
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Definition
| 1/3 collagen, 2/3 mineral |
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Term
| When does an osteoblast become an osteocyte? |
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Definition
| after mineral matter has surrounded it |
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Term
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Definition
| interconnections between osteocytes |
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Term
| During what two conditions would woven bone be formed? |
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Definition
| during embryonic development nad fracture repair |
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Term
| What occurs when a bone is remodeled? |
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Definition
| removing old bone and adding new bone material |
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Term
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Definition
| layers of bone used to make lamellar bone |
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Term
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Definition
| support structures in cancellous bone |
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Term
| How do trabewculae arrange in a bone? |
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Definition
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Term
| Under what conditions would the trabecule change orientation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process of changing tissue into bone |
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Term
| What are the struture functions of the Haversian System? |
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Definition
Haversian (central) canal-transports nutrients and wastes in/out of bone
Lamellae-layers of bone that form around Haversian canal giving bone strength
Osteocyte-bone cells arranged in lamellae that maintain health of bone
Cancliculi-connect osteocytes together for cellular sharing nad communication |
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Term
| what are the locations of the concentric lamellae, circumferential lamellae, and interstitial lamellae? |
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Definition
concentric-forms around the Haversian
circumferentail-forms around outer edge of bone beneath periosteum
intersitial-forms between Haversian systems |
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Term
| Bone is formed from what three kinds of tissue? |
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Definition
| regular collagenous, irregular collagenous, and hyaline cartilage tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| depositing calcuim salt into bone tissue to make it stronger |
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Term
| What bones are formed during intramembranous ossification? |
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Definition
| skull, clavicle, and some of the mandible |
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Term
| During what week of embyonic development does ossification begin and when is it completed? |
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Definition
| begins at 8th week and completed 2 years after birth |
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Term
| What is the first event in intramembranous ossification? |
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Definition
| osteoblasts form bone within a membrane |
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Term
| Intramembranous bones are formed from what two kinds of tissues? |
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Definition
| dense regular or dense irregualr collageous tissue |
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Term
| Flat skull bones form from what kind of tissue membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the center of ossification and where does it begin? |
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Definition
| center is where bone is forming in membrane and the middle-it begins in the middle of a membrane and spreads outward from there |
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Term
| Where is the youngest and oldest bone in a bone fragment? |
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Definition
| oldest is the the middle of the membrane-youngest is toward the outside edges of the membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| membrane covered spaces between skull bones |
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Term
| How are fontanelles formed and when do they close? |
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Definition
| formed as the center of ossification moves toward the outside edges and they close by 2 years of age |
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Term
| What is head molding in an infant? |
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Definition
| a babys head that has changed shape to the birth canal |
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Term
| In endochondral ossificaton, what is the cartilage model? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is the primary ossification center in endochondral ossification? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ring of bones that forms a primary ossification center |
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Term
| How does ossification proceed from the primamry ossification center? |
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Definition
| toward the secondary center |
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Term
| Where does the secondary ossification center begin? |
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Definition
| where the primary and secondary meet |
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Term
| What is the last event of endochondral ossification? |
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Definition
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