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| orange-yellow pigment formed during destruction of erythrocytes that is taken up by liver cells to form bilirubin and eventually excreted in the feces |
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| Mass of masticated food ready to be swallowed |
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| Gland that secretes its products through excretory ducts to the surface of an organ or tissue or into a vessel |
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| Circulatory band of muscle fibers that constricts a passage or closes a natural opening of the body |
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| Organic compound, a true fat, that is made of one glycerol and three fatty acids. |
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| Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat |
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| Inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection |
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| Rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestines |
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| Physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune and deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer |
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| Presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct |
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| Scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease |
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| Spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ, especially in the colon, accompanied by pain. |
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| Form of inflammatory bowel disease, usually of the ileum but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis |
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| Inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in blood diarrhea. |
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| Inability or difficulty in swallowing also called aphagia. |
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| Producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching. |
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| Gas in the GI tract, expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus |
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| Gastroesophogeal reflux disease (GERD) |
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| Backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus. |
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| Vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus |
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| Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) |
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| Symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating between the two) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon |
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| Symptom complex of he small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph |
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| Excessive accumulation of fa that exceeds the body's skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight. |
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| Passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices |
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| Severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction |
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| Formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation |
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| Stricture of narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circulatory muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine. |
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| Backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluid to the mouth from the stomach |
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| Passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it. |
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| Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distension by removing gas, food, or gastric secretion; instill medication, food or fluid, or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis |
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| Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the tx of ulcerative colitis |
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| Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; also called enteroenterostomy |
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| Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity, a condition that arises from severe accumulation of excess weight as fatty tissue, and the resultant health problems |
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| Vertical Banded Gastroplasty Bariatric Surgery |
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| Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness. |
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| Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Bariatric Surgery |
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| Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the non-functioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats |
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| Creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to ts outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag. |
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| Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves |
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| Extracorporeal shock-wave |
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| Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts. |
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| Incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus, which is used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis |
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| Gastrointestinal Endoscopy |
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| Visual examination of the gastrointestinal tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors. |
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| Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens. |
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| Liver Function Tests (LFT) |
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| Group of blood test that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract. |
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| Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood |
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| Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a gastrointestinal infection |
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| Test that applies a substance called a guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult (hidden) blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult. |
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| Lower gastrointestinal series |
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| Radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum; also called loer GI series or barium enema. |
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| Oral cholecystography (OCG) |
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| Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet. |
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| Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography |
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| Magnetic resonance imaging is used to visualize the biliary and pancreatic ducts and gallbladder in a noninvasive manner. |
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| Radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts. |
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| US visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder |
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| Combines endoscopy and US to examine and obtain images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissue and organs. |
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| Upper Gastrointestinal Series |
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| Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium; also called barium swallow |
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