Term
| what is the pns composed of |
|
Definition
| 12 cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves |
|
|
Term
| what is the ans composed of |
|
Definition
| sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves |
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Term
|
Definition
| sensory neurons that send impulses to the cns from the pns |
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Term
|
Definition
| motor cells that carry signals from the cns to the cells in the pns |
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Term
| grey matter/ white matter |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| myelinated axons with gaps in the myelin |
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|
Term
| what are the two types of synapses |
|
Definition
| neuron to neuron and neuron to muscle |
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Term
| outside of the brain and spinal cord are covered with the menigis what is the outer layer |
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Definition
|
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Term
| where is the subdural space in the spine |
|
Definition
| between dura mater and the middle layer the arachnoid |
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Term
| what is the inner most layer of the spine |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| subacarchnoid space where is it |
|
Definition
| between arachnoid and the pia mater |
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Term
| where does the csf circulate |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| this is the space between the cerebral hemispheres and the cerebellum |
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Term
| supratentorial/ infratentorial |
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Definition
| above the tentorium/ below the tentorium |
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|
Term
| what are the 3major parts of the brain |
|
Definition
brainstem
cerebellum
foprebraine |
|
|
Term
| what does the brainstem do |
|
Definition
| connects the rest of the brain with the cns |
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|
Term
| cerbellu is concerned with what |
|
Definition
| movement and works together with the brainstem to focus on the function of the muscles |
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|
Term
| forebrain where is it and whats it do |
|
Definition
| lies above the brainstem and cerebellum and is the most advanced in evelution |
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|
Term
| decenphalon/thalamus/hypothalamus where are these located |
|
Definition
dicephalon lies below the cerbrum and include the thalamus, hypothlamus and epithalamus
thlamus- relay stsion for cns
hypothalamus- ans control and intellectual funciton |
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|
Term
| what is the largest part of the brain and controlls intelligence creativity and memory |
|
Definition
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|
Term
| how are the rt and lt hemisphere connected |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| part of the cerbrum and is involved with all higher functions of the brain it communicates with pns and can feel, think |
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Term
| the creebral cortex is divided into four lobes what are they |
|
Definition
grontal
parietal
temporal
occipital |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| front of the head and it processes voluntary muscles movments and thought and speech |
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|
Term
| what lobe controls mood plannin and setting goals |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| behind frontal lobe- processes awareness and spatial time and recieves info about temp taste touch and movement of the rest of the body |
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|
Term
| where are reading and arrythmitic processed |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| parallel to the ears hearing memorey language |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| motor cortex where is it located and whats it control |
|
Definition
| frontal lobe- it control voluntary movements |
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|
Term
| where are the pyramidal tracts, what do they do |
|
Definition
| begin in the motor cortex and thru the brain before crossing in the medulla which explains why movement in the left side is controlled in the rt side of the brain ectt.. |
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|
Term
| what are the 2 important speech area of the brain and whats their funciton |
|
Definition
| brocas area ( speech)and wernicks ( language) |
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|
Term
| hypophysis what is it and whats it do |
|
Definition
| pituitary gland with two lobes that carry hormones into circulation |
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|
Term
| what are the 4 things that cerebellar function enables a person to do |
|
Definition
keep an extremity from overshooting
skilled movements
predict distance
maintains equillibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| situated on the same side of the body |
|
|
Term
| cerbellar contorl of the body is on what side of the body |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is included in the brainstem, |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| reticular activating system |
|
Definition
| thru the brainstem it controlls awareness and alertness |
|
|
Term
| where does circulation in the brain originate |
|
Definition
| from the carotid and vertabral arteries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| arteries joined at the base of the brain |
|
|
Term
| medualla 3 functions and what cranial nerves are here |
|
Definition
cardaic slowing
respiratory center
cranial nerves- IX, X XI, XII,VII |
|
|
Term
| pons what are two functions and whats the four cranial nerves in this area |
|
Definition
cardiac acceleration and vascoconstriction
pneumotaxic center for respiratory rate and rythm
V, VI, VII, and VIII |
|
|
Term
| midbrain whats it do and whats the2 cranial nerves |
|
Definition
cerbral aqueduct and can abolish pain
III
IV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| endothiala cells and cerbral cappillaries are joined tightly together to keep substances out |
|
|
Term
| what substances can pass the BBB |
|
Definition
o2
gluclose
co2
alcohol
drugs
hj2o |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| circulates and cushions the brain and spinal area |
|
|
Term
| gray matter and white matter in the spinal cord |
|
Definition
| grey matter jas nuron bodies and white matter has myelinated axons |
|
|
Term
| where do ascednig tract originate and end and what are the three groups |
|
Definition
spinal cord toend in the brain
spinothalamic, spinocerebellar and fasciculi gracilis |
|
|
Term
| what do the spinalthalamic tract do |
|
Definition
carry pain
temp
touch
pressure |
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|
Term
| spinocerebellar tracts what do the posterior ones transmit |
|
Definition
| awarness of position andmovements of body parts (proprioception) |
|
|
Term
| what do the anterior spinocerebellar tracts carry |
|
Definition
| proproiceptive responces from lower extremities these fibers cross twice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
touch
sense of vibratory
from muscle joints and tendons |
|
|
Term
| decending trancts where do they begin and end |
|
Definition
| begin in the brain and end in the spoinal cord |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abnormal spntaneous movements |
|
|
Term
| what is the pns composed of |
|
Definition
spinal nerves
cranial nerves
ans |
|
|
Term
| expalin the 31 pairs of s[imal cord nerves |
|
Definition
8 cervicl
12 thoracic
5 lumbar
1coccygeal |
|
|
Term
| what does the posterior branch of the spinal nevers carry |
|
Definition
| sensation by afferent pathway |
|
|
Term
| what does the anterior part of the spinal cord carry |
|
Definition
| motor impulses to the muscles efferent pathways |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| area where each spinal nerve is reflected |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| closed circuit of spinal and peripheral nerves that do not requir control from the brain |
|
|
Term
| what are the thre things reflexes contian |
|
Definition
muscles tendons organs
small cells in cord
anterior motor neurons withthe muscles they innervate |
|
|
Term
| where do the sns cells originate |
|
Definition
| gray matter if tge sopinal cord from t1 thru l2 or l3 |
|
|
Term
| where do the parasympathetic cells originate |
|
Definition
| in the grey matter of the sacral area in the spinal area from s2 thru s4 |
|
|
Term
| what portions fo the cranial nerves are parasympathetic |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the pupil chnages in the elderly |
|
Definition
| decrease in size and can restrict the amount of light entering |
|
|
Term
| intellect does not decline with aging however what happnes |
|
Definition
| decrease in cognitive function with slower times to solve problems |
|
|
Term
| remote or long term memory can be test by |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how can you test recall memory or recent memory |
|
Definition
time of admit
how they got to the hospital |
|
|
Term
| immediate memory ( new) memory how can this be tested |
|
Definition
| by giving some words and asking them to repeat them later |
|
|
Term
| what is the serial seveln test |
|
Definition
| ask the pt to count backwards from 100 by 7 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| close his eyes and the nurse touches them the asks the pt to point to where the nurse has touched |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when there is involve,ent of only the posterior column |
|
|
Term
| what does a leasion involving only the rt side of the spinothlamic track result in |
|
Definition
| loss of pain and temp sensation below the lesion on the left side |
|
|
Term
| where do cerbral leasions affect |
|
Definition
| the same side of the body |
|
|
Term
| if there are problems in the brain stem, thalamus or cortex where is the problem in the body |
|
Definition
| contralaterla -opposite side of the body |
|
|
Term
| what will hAPPen if there is a cerbral or brainstem injury with the arm |
|
Definition
| on the weak side the arm will fall or drift and will turn inward called a pronator drift |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a test to dertermine equilibrium is performed and if the pt sways with eyes closed but not open oit is a romberg sing which means the problem is rpopeioceptive |
|
|
Term
| if a pt sways with both eyes open where is the problemq |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
can be tested on the biceps
triceps
brachioradilis and quads of the achilles tenodn by striking with the reflex hammer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually tested in the plantar reflexes sometime in the abs- this is done with apointed objectthe normal response is flexion of all toes |
|
|
Term
| dueing the relfex response what happens if the toes are dorsiflexed |
|
Definition
| babinskis signs it is abnormal for anyone over 2- it is usually an indication that there is something wrong with the cns |
|
|
Term
| how do you test the abdominal reflex- what happens if it is absent |
|
Definition
| strke the abs in all 4 quadrants diagonallt to the umbilicus if it is absent in both upper and lower quads it can indicate motor neuron disease |
|
|
Term
| what happens if there is a hyperactive respons in the abs/ a hypoactive response |
|
Definition
upper motor neuron disease or tentus and hypocalcemia
can be from lower motor diesse dm or hypokalemia or hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| breif sudden jerking contraction of muscle or groups of muscles most often seen in seizures |
|
|
Term
| what does a score of 15 on the glawscow scale indicate what about a score of 7 |
|
Definition
normal functioning
comatose |
|
|
Term
| when is decortications seen |
|
Definition
| in a pt withlesions in the corticospinal pathway |
|
|
Term
| when a persons body is in the decerbration position what can this indicate |
|
Definition
| damage in the brainstem area |
|
|
Term
| where is pupil constriciton in what cranial nerve |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| contrast medium is injected into an artery to see sneuysms tumors blood vessles |
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|
Term
| olfactory what is the type and whats the job |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| oculomotor/ motor to eye muslces/movement |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Trochlear/ motor/ eye movemnt with superior obliques |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| abducens/ motor/ eye movement wih the lateral rectus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| facial/motor and sensory/ pain and temp from the ear to face- taste in the anterior 2/3 of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vestibulocochlear/ sensory/ hearing equillibrium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| glossopharyngeal/ motor and sensory/ pain and temp from the ear taste and sensation fromposterior third of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| vagus nerve/motor and sensory/ pain and temp from the ear, sensation in the larynx, pharynx,thoracic and abdominal viscera |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| accessory/ motor/ muscles of the pharynx larynx sternocleoidmastoid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hypoglossal/motor/ muscles of the tongue |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| trimengeminal/ sensory and motor/ masticaiton and sensory of face |
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