Term
| what do the langerhans cells do |
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Definition
| these are in the skin and they engulf foreing substances that invade the body when it is injured |
|
|
Term
| what does the skin help the body with |
|
Definition
body temp
fluid and electrolyte balance |
|
|
Term
| what do the fat cells do for us |
|
Definition
this is the innermost layer and the fat cells serve as energy conservaiton when extra energy is needed,
heat insulators |
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|
Term
| the dermis is the layer above the fat layer and what is its importance |
|
Definition
| connective tissue with no cells but it has collegen and fibers to help flexibility and strength |
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|
Term
| collagen is the main component of the ____. what does it do |
|
Definition
| dermal tissue/ it helps to form scar tissue |
|
|
Term
| what do fibroblast produce and whats its importance |
|
Definition
| ground substanse which is a lubercant that surrounds the dermal cells and fibers and helps to provide turgor |
|
|
Term
| what is the major componnet of the elastic fiber |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is supplies throughtthe dermis |
|
Definition
| capillaries and lymph vessles and has sensory nerves |
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|
Term
| the epidermis is the outtermost layer of the skinhow is it attached to the dermis |
|
Definition
| by fingerlike projections ( dermal papillae) |
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|
Term
| the epidermis doesnt have its own blood supplyso how does it survive |
|
Definition
| from diffusion of blodd from the blood vessles in the dermal layer thru the basement membrane |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what happens in the skin with keratinocyets |
|
Definition
| they are formed in the basement layer and are pushed upward and for the stratisfied layers of the epidermis |
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|
Term
| what happens to the keratinocyets as they reach the outter most layer of the skin ( stratum corneum) |
|
Definition
| they are no longer living cells and are shend from the skin |
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|
Term
| keritin is produced by the keratinocytes whats its purpose |
|
Definition
| it porduces horny layer waterproof |
|
|
Term
| what happens to vitamin d as it is taken in thru the skin |
|
Definition
| it is activated by the epidermisand is distributed in the blood and then in the digetive track where it absorbs calcium |
|
|
Term
| what is the main purpose of melinin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are hair follicles located |
|
Definition
| dermal layer but extend thru the epidermal |
|
|
Term
| what is within the column of the hair follicle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how is hair genetically colored |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lunula where is it and whats its purpose |
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Definition
| the white cresent portion at the lower end of the nail plate and is the location of the nail where keratin is formed and nail growth begins |
|
|
Term
| how long can it take to regrow a fingernail/ a toenail? |
|
Definition
| fingernail 3 to 4 mths/ toenail up to 12 mths |
|
|
Term
| where are sebaceous glands found |
|
Definition
| everywhere except the hands and feet |
|
|
Term
| the sebaceous glands produce sebum what is this |
|
Definition
| a bacteriostativ fat containing substance it lubricates and reduces water loss |
|
|
Term
| what are the two types of sweat glands in the skin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from epithelial cells and over the entire surface of the body not associated with the hair follicle and they are colorless and oderless |
|
|
Term
| where are apocrine glands and what do they do |
|
Definition
| in direct contact with the hair follicle and they are found in the nipple axilae and perianal areas. this produces the body oder |
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|
Term
| how does the epidermis protect our skin compared to the dermis and subq |
|
Definition
epi-mecahnical strength and bonds, provides protection
dermis- fibroblasts, strength, and sensory nerve endings
subQ- shock absorber and energy |
|
|
Term
how does the skin layers protect the water balance
epidermis
dermins
subq |
|
Definition
epi- prevents dehydration and electrolyet loss
dermis- respond to inflamation and infection
subq- no funciton in water balnce |
|
|
Term
| explain how the three skin layer do temp regulators |
|
Definition
epi- sweat glands
dermis- dilation and constriciton
subq- fat cells act as insulators |
|
|
Term
| when we age the epidermis decreases in thickness and layers what are some nursing actions |
|
Definition
avoid tapoing
asess for dryness and minimize friciton |
|
|
Term
| when we age we have delayed epidermial mitotic activity what does this cause and what should we do |
|
Definition
| causes delayed wound healing/ we should protect open areas and use moisture retentive dressings |
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|
Term
| when we age we have decreased langerhorns cells in the epidermis so what are some nursing actions |
|
Definition
| do not rely n swelling to indicate damge and teach the pt to wear protectiveclothin |
|
|
Term
| what should we use in the elderly to asses for skin turgor |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what should we teach pts about cherry angionomas |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is longitudinal nail ridges from and how can you asses this |
|
Definition
| decreased blood flow beneath the nail bed so asses by useing the oral mucoise to test for cyanosis |
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|
Term
| what are some nursing actions used for a thickening nail bed |
|
Definition
| cut toenails straight across |
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|
Term
| if a pts skin color is white what is the cause |
|
Definition
| decrease hemogolobin levels |
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|
Term
| if the pts skin is a yellow orange what is the cuase |
|
Definition
increased billirubin
increased carotin
increase urochrome levels |
|
|
Term
| what us the significance of why the skin would appear yelloish orange |
|
Definition
| could be fromliverdisorders, thyroid deficiency diabetes or a chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| what are some reasons a pt would have a red tint to their skin |
|
Definition
fever
alcohol
exposure to cold |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
| primary lesions/ secondary lesions |
|
Definition
| primary are an intial reaciton to a problem that changes the skin structure/ secondary is a change in apperance of the preimary lesion |
|
|
Term
| why would a secondary lesion occur |
|
Definition
| disease or response to a systemic intervention like itching from dermatitis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
asymetry
border
color
diamete greater then 6mm
evolving change in any feature |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| ringlike with raised borders around flat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| leasions that merge with oe another and appear confluent |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| widespread involving most of the body with intervenin area of normal skin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| wavy borders resmeblin a snake |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| all areas of the skin are involved with no normal looking skin |
|
|
Term
| macules (primary) what is it |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cafe late may have some surface changes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| psorisis or seborhhic keratosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| lipomas elevated marble like lesions |
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|
Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
| from insect bites- they are elveated |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| exfoliative dermatitis usually appear whitish and dry |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| linear cracks in the dermis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| secondary from vesicles or pustules |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| bleeding into the tissues |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| small reddish or purplish lesions that do not fade when blanched |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is poor sin tugor look like |
|
Definition
| tenting of the skin with no gradual return |
|
|
Term
| if sever dandruff is not treated what can occur |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is nonpitting edema from |
|
Definition
| endocrin imbalances like hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| from impaired gas exchange |
|
|
Term
| what is a heaped up appearnce of the toenail |
|
Definition
| may occur with fungal infecitons |
|
|
Term
| what should you do to a nail that has become thick and ahrd |
|
Definition
| soften with petroleum jelly |
|
|
Term
| spliting of the nail plate is from |
|
Definition
| repeated exposure of water and detergents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inflamation of the skin around the nail usually occurs from torn cuticle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| usually in those who are exposed to repeated water |
|
|
Term
| how is pallor in darker peiple |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the significance of white horizontal nail lines |
|
Definition
| crhonic liver or kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| what is the significance of yellow brown nails |
|
Definition
lymphedema\cardiac failure
normal aging
long term use of tetracyclines |
|
|
Term
| what is the significance in vertical brown bacnding from the proximal nail fold distally |
|
Definition
| nevus or melanoma of the nailmatrix but in drk people this could be normal |
|
|
Term
| what are red spliiter hemorrhages in the nail beds from |
|
Definition
| bacterial endocarditis or trauma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| early clubbing and late clubbin in the nails |
|
Definition
| early the nail straigtnes out to 180 degrees and late is when the angle between the nail and the nail fold exceed 180 degrees |
|
|
Term
| what are spoon nails from |
|
Definition
| iron deficiecny or poorly controlled dm |
|
|
Term
| beaus grooves of the nail bed |
|
Definition
| 1mm wide horzontal depression in the nail caused by growth arrest, prolonged febril state and isolated periods of malnutrition |
|
|
Term
| waiting for cultures can delay treating superficial fungal infetions so what is done |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| how are cultures for bacterial infeciton obtained |
|
Definition
| from the primary lesions - express material from the lesion collect with cotton swab or for intact lesionsuse a small needle and express the material |
|
|
Term
| when are cultures for viral infections taken |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the difference when gettig specimens for bacterial and viral sample |
|
Definition
| bacterial can remain at room temp viral need to be on ice |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cicular cutting instrument puches out the site and the site is then closed with sutures |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| scalpel or razor is moved parallel to the skin to remove specimen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| used for larger eeper specimens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long wave length uv blacklight to look at skin infecitonsb by using a certain color from the light to determine what infeciton is present |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eliminates errythmeia caused by blood flow to the skin- using a glass slide that is pressed against the skin to revela the shape of the leaison |
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