Term
| what are the functions of the respiratory system |
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Definition
| 1. exchange gases 2.warm and humidify 3. trap and remove mirobes and dust 4. sense of smell 5. produce sound |
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Term
| what are the 2 divisions of respiratory system |
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Definition
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Term
| List the organs of the Upper Respiratory System |
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Definition
| Nose, nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, and upper trachea |
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Term
| List the organs of the Lower Resp. System. |
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Definition
| Lower trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, and lungs |
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Term
| Air entering the body is filtered, warmed, and humidified by the? |
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Definition
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Term
| The conducting airways consists of which type of epithelium? |
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Definition
| pseudostratified ciliated columnar |
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Term
| The most common lethal inherited disease affecting individuals of Northern European descent? |
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Definition
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Term
| The common passageway shared by the respiratory and digestive system is the? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which structure vibrates to produce sound? |
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Definition
| Vocal chords in the larynx |
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Term
| Why is inhaling through the nostrils preferred over the mouth? |
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Definition
| It allows better conditioning of the inhaled air |
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Term
| The elastic cartilage that covers the opening to the larynx during swallowing |
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Definition
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Term
| What branches from the trachea? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the actual site of gas exchange occur within the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
| The respiratory membrane of the gas exchange surfaces consists of which type of epithelial tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| Boyle's Law of gases states that? |
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Definition
| When volumes goes up, the Pressure goes down |
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Term
| When there is no air movement, the intrapulmonary and atmospheric pressure are? |
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Definition
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Term
| When the diaphragm contracts the lungs? |
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Definition
| Expand causing air to flow out |
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Term
| If a patient being tested inhales as deeply as possible and then exhales as much as possible , the volume expelled would be the patient's? |
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Definition
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Term
| Respiratory rate X (Tidal Volume-Anatomic dead space) ? |
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Definition
| Alveolar Ventilation rate |
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Term
| What can be calculated if the tidal volume and the respiratory rate are known? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Volume of gas will dissolve in a solvent is proportional to the solubility of that gas. |
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Term
| Dalton's law states that? |
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Definition
| In a mixture of gases such as air, the total pressure is the sum of the Individual Partial Pressure of the gases in the mixture |
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Term
| At a PO2 of 70 mm Hg and normal temperature and pH, hemoglobin is___ percent saturated with oxygen |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the oxygen transported by the blood is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which factors would increase that amount of oxygen discharged by hemoglobin to peripheral tissue? |
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Definition
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Term
| The normal rate and depth of breathing is established by the ____ center |
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Definition
| Inspiratory center of DRG |
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Term
| The most important chemical regulator of respiration is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Blocking afferent action potentials from the chemoreceptors in the carotid and aortic bodies would interfere with the brain's ability to regulate breathing in response to? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ralph is taking a scuba diving class, and is warned not to hold his breath when ascending from depth but to continuously release air from his mouth. What is the basis of this instruction, and what is the risk if it is ignored? |
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Definition
| Pressure external drops but pressure in the tank increases. If it is kept in the lungs will get damaged. |
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Term
| The normal respiration rate of a resting adult ranges from? |
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Definition
| 12-18 breaths each minute |
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Term
| List 2 primary muscles of inspiration |
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Definition
| Diaphragm and external intercostals |
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Term
| Name the 4 accessory muscles of inspiration |
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Definition
| 1. Pec Major 2.Pec minor 3.Serratus anterior 4.Levator |
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Term
| Name the 4 accessory muscles of expiration |
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Definition
| 1.Transverse Thoracis 2.Rectus Abdominous 3.External Obliques 4.Internal Obliques |
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Term
| In oxygen transport in the blood, what percent is bound to hemoglobin? |
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Definition
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Term
| In oxygen transport in the blood, what percent is dissolved in the plasma? |
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Definition
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Term
| The hemoglobin molecule is composed of ____ polypeptide chains and ____ heme groups containing iron. |
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Definition
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Term
| What does oxygen bind to? |
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Definition
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Term
| After one oxygen molecule (O2) binds to hemoglobin, it is easier for the other molecules to bind to the hemoglobin. This is known as? |
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Definition
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Term
| When oxygen is loaded onto hemoglobin in the lungs, hemoglobin is called _______? |
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Definition
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Term
| When oxygen is unloaded form the hemoglobin at the tissues it is called____? |
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Definition
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Term
| Partial pressure of oxygen in the lungs? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Partial pressure of oxygen in the tissues is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Hemoglobin in the tissue is? |
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Definition
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Term
| With a decrease of 20 mmHg in the lungs, will the saturation of hemoglobin decrease significantly at high altitudes? |
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Definition
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Term
| With a decrease of mmHg in the tissues, wil the saturation of hemoglobin decrease significantly with exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| Name the factors that alter PO2 |
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Definition
| Temperature, pH, BPG, PCO2 |
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Term
| During exercise, would and increase or decrease in these factors decrease PO2 hemoglobin saturation, making more O2 available to the tissues? |
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Definition
| Increase temperature; decrease pH; increase PCO2; decreases BPG |
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Term
| List the percentages for CO2 transport in the blood |
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Definition
| 7% dissolved in plasma; 20% combined with hemoglobin; 70% converted to bicarbonate ions |
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Term
| When CO2 binds to hemoglobin, it is called |
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Definition
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Term
| CO2 bind with water to form? |
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Definition
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Term
| The catalyst for carbonic acid is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The acid listed above (Carbonic anhydrase) dissociates into _____ ions and ______ ions. |
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Definition
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Term
| When bicarbonate ions move out of the RBC, _______ ions move in. This is known as ________ shift. |
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Definition
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Term
| A decrease in hemoglobin O2 leads to an increase in CO2 loading. Said another way, O2 loading facilitates CO2 unloading. This is known as the _______ effect. |
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Definition
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Term
| A decreasing in Co2 loading facilitates O2 unloading from hemoglobin. Said another way, CO2 loading facilitaes O2 unloading. This is known as ____ effect. |
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Definition
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