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| The smallest simplest stable units of matter are called _________ |
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| the number of protons in an atom is knows as its |
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| atoms can be classified on the basis of their atomic number into groups called |
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| atoms whose nuclei contain the same number of protons, but different numbers of neutrons are called |
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| the total number of protons plus neutrons in the nucleus is used to designate a particular isotope |
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| elements that do not readily participate in chemical processes are said to be |
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| the term _________ refers to any chemical structure consisting of atoms held together by covalent bonds. this is also greater than an atom. |
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| a ______ is any chemical substance made up of atoms of two or more elements regardless of the type of bonding joining them. It is greater than an atom. |
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| what are three types of chemical bonds? |
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| ionic, covalent, hydrogen |
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| attraction between positive cations (+ charge) and negative anions (- charge) are ________ bonds. |
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| an unequal sharing of electrons creates a |
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| _______ ___________ are two weak to create molecules, but they can change molecular shapes or pull molecules together. it is the weakest type of bond. |
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| _________ is a reaction that breaks a molecule into smaller fragments ab - a+b |
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| is the opposite of decomposition. the reaction assembles larger molecules from smaller components. a+b - ab |
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| in an ____ _____, parts of the reacting molecules are shuffled around. ab + cd = ad + cb |
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| chemical reactions are _________. a+b = ab; ab = a+b |
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| promote chemical reactions by lowering the activation energy requirements. |
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| enzymes belong to a class of substances called |
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| compounds accelerate chemical reactions without themselves being permanently changed or consumed |
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| reactions that release energy are said to be |
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| if more energy is required to being the reaction than is released as it precedes, the reaction as a whole will absorb energy. such reactions are called |
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| are not primarily carbon and hydrogen. matter that doesn't break down. |
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| includes all the molecules synthesized or broken down by chemical reactions inside our bodies |
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| carbon, oxygen and hydrogen are primary structural components of |
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| a ph above 7 is basic or _____ meaning it has more hydroxide ions than hydrogen ions |
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| a __________ is an organic molecule that contains carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ration near 1:2:1 |
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| soluable inorganic molecules whose ions will conduct an electrical current in solution |
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| a ________ glucose is the most important metabolic "fuel" in the body. |
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| molecules that have the same molecular formula but different structures |
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| liver tissues and muscle tissues make and store |
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| the ______ glycogen, or animal starch, has many side branches, all consisting of chains of glycose molecules |
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| a _______ fatty acid has a single unsaturated bond in the hydrocarbon tail |
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| a _____ fatty acid contains multiple unsaturated (double) bonds |
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| what three structural lipids help form and maintain intracellular structures called membranes? |
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| cholesterol, phospholipids, and glycolipids |
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| the process creates a covalent bond between the carboxylic acid group of one amino acid and the amino group of another. this bond is known as a |
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| molecules consisting of amino acids held together by peptide bonds are called |
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| results from bonds that develop between atoms at different parts of the polypeptide chain. |
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| hydrogen bonding, for example, may create simple spiral known as a |
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| alpha helix or flat pleated sheet |
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| ______ and ______ are combinations of protein and carbohydrate molecules |
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| glycoproteins & proteoglycans |
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| store and process information at the molecular level, inside cells. |
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| what are three components of a nucleotide? |
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| sugar, phosphate group, nitrogenous base |
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| name the corresponding dna base: c goes with ___; a goes with ___ |
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| name the corresponding rna bases; c goes with ___; a goes with ___ |
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