Term
| lesser elements of the human body |
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Definition
-3.9% or body mass
-Ca,P,K,S,Na, Cl, Mg, I, and FE |
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Term
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Definition
< 0.01% of body mass:
Part of enzymes, e.g., chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), and zinc (Zn |
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Term
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Definition
| determined by numbers of subatomic particles |
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Term
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Definition
| no charge, 1 amu, in nucleus |
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Definition
| positive, 1 amu, in nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| orbit, nucleus, equal to number of protons in atom, negative charge |
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Term
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Definition
orbital model-current model used by chemis, useful for predicting the chemical behavior of atoms
Planetary model—oversimplified, outdated model
Incorrectly depicts fixed circular electron paths |
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Term
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Definition
| different atoms contain different numbers of subatomic particles, atomic number=number of protons in nucleus |
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Term
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Definition
| number of protons and electrons in an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| structural variations of elements that differ in the number of neutrons they contain |
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Definition
| average of mass numbers of all isotopes |
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Term
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Definition
Radioisotopes are heavier, unstable isotopes of an element that decompose to more stable forms
Spontaneous decay (radioactivity)
Similar chemistry to stable isotopes
Can be detected with scanners |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more atoms bonded together (h2) |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more different kinds of atoms bonded together, can be separated only by breaking bonds, all are homogeneous |
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Term
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Definition
| two or more components physically intermixed (sugar water), no chemical bonding between components, can be seperated physically |
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Term
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Definition
homogeneous mixture, usually transparent
solvent-present in greatest amoung, usually a liquid
solute-present in smaller amounts |
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Term
| concentrations of solutions |
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Definition
| expresend as percent, milligrams, molarity |
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Term
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Definition
| 1 mole=atomic weight of an element of molecular weight of a compound in grams. i mole of any substance containcs 6.02 x 10^23 molecules (Avogadros number) |
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Definition
emulsions
heterogeneous translucent mixtures (cytosol), large solute particles that do not settle ou |
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Definition
heterogeneous mixtures (blood)
large visible solutes tent to settle out (sand and water) |
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Term
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Definition
| ionic, covalent, hydrogen |
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Term
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Definition
| Chemical bonds are energy relationships between valence shell electrons of the reacting atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| formed by the sharing of two or more electrons, single double and triple covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| electrons shared equally between atoms |
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Term
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Definition
| unequal sharing of electrons produces polar molecules |
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Term
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Definition
| occur when chemical bonds are formed, rearranged, or broken, represented as chemical equations which contain molecular formula for each reactant and relative amounts of reactants and products which should balance |
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Term
| patterns of chemical reactions |
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Definition
| synthesis, decomposition, exchange ab+c=ac+b |
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Term
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Definition
| a+b -> ab, anabolic, always involve in bond formation |
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Term
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Definition
| ab->a+b, catabolic, involve in breaking of bonds, reverse synthesis |
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Term
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Definition
| ab+c->ac+b, also called displacement reactions, bonds are both made and broken |
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Term
| oxidation-reduction reactions |
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Definition
| reactions in which fuel in broken down for energy, electron donors lose electrons and are oxideized, electron acceptors recieve electrons and become reduced. |
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Definition
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| chemical reactions are reverisble, many biolgical reactions are essentially irreverisble due to energy requirements and removal or products |
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Term
| what influeces rate of reaction |
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Definition
| temperature, particle size, and concentration of reactant |
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Term
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Definition
| increase rate of reactin without being chemically changed, enzymes are biological catalysts |
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