Term
| What type of leadership existed in the Soviet Union in the 1960s and 1970s? |
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Definition
| The leadership kept tight control. Political dissent was not tolerated. Censors determined what could be published. Freedom of speech and freedom of worship were restricted. |
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Term
| Why did the Politburo select Gorbachev as the next Soviet leader? |
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Definition
| He was younger; he had both energy and political skills. |
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Term
| What was Gorbachev's background? |
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Definition
| Both of his grandfathers had been arrested during Stalin’s purges. He had worked on a state farm and then studied law. He eventually joined the Communist party and became a government official. He later became general secretary of the Communist Party. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glasnost was the policy known as openness. |
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Term
| Why did Gorbachev introduce glasnost? |
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Definition
| He thought glasnost was necessary to provide a free flow of ideas and information which would allow economic and social reforms. |
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Term
| What were the results of glasnost? |
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Definition
| It brought lots of changes: churches were opened, dissidents were let out of prison, more books were published, reporters could investigate problems and criticize officials. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perestroika was economic restructuring |
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Term
| Why did Gorbachev introduce perestroika? |
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Definition
| He was trying to revive the Soviet economy. |
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Term
| What was involved in Gorbachev's "democratization" plan of 1987? |
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Definition
| He wanted to open up the Soviet political system. Voters would have more choices in selecting members of a new legislative body. |
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Term
| ow did foreign policy change under Gorbachev? |
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Definition
| He realized that the Soviet economy could not afford the costly arms race and became focused on arms control. |
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Term
| How many different ethnic groups lived in the Soviet Union? |
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Definition
| More than 100 ethnic groups lived in the Soviet Union |
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Term
| What did Lithuania declare in March of 1990? |
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Definition
| Lithuania declared its independence |
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Term
| How did Gorbachev respond? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| He was afraid that other republics might try to secede from the Soviet Union. |
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Term
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Definition
| He was a member of parliament and the former mayor of Moscow. |
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Term
How did
Yeltsin gain popularity? |
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Definition
| He criticized the “crackdown” in Lithuania and the “slow pace of reforms.” |
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Term
| To what office was Yeltsin elected in June of 1991? |
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Definition
| He became the Russian Federation’s first directly elected president. |
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Term
| Who was the "common" enemy shared by Gorbachev and Yeltsin? |
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Definition
| the old guard of Communist officials |
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Term
| Why was this group furious? |
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Definition
| They were losing their power and privileges. |
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Term
| What happened during the August (1991)coup? |
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Definition
| The “hardliners” detained Gorbachev at his vacation home on the Black Sea. |
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Term
| How did the coup affect the breakup of the Soviet Union? |
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Definition
| It sparked anger against the Communist Party and it collapsed. Republics, first Estonia and Latvia, declared their independence. |
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Term
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Definition
| the Commonwealth of Independent States, a loose federation of former Soviet territories |
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Term
| What happened to Gorbachev with the collapse of the Communist Party and of the Soviet Union? |
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Definition
| He resigned his position from a country which no longer existed. |
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Term
| Why did Yeltsin then become the "most powerful figure in the CIS"? |
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Definition
| He led the largest republic, the Russian Federation. And, he was viewed as a “hero” of the August Coup. |
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Term
| What kinds of problems did Yeltsin face? |
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Definition
| an “ailing” economy, strong political opposition, an unpopular war |
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Term
| What was the purpose of "shock therapy"? |
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Definition
| an abrupt shift to a market economy |
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Term
| What were the effects of "shock therapy"? |
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Definition
| high prices, increased inflation, lots of unemployment |
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Term
| What issues were behind the conflict in Chechnya? |
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Definition
| This area in southwestern Russia wanted to be independent. |
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Term
| Who was elected Russia's president in 2000? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
polish national hero he was a union leader 1980
elected president in 1989
tried to a free market economy
voted out 1995 |
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Term
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Definition
president after Walesa had Poland join NATO
Even though communist tried to establish free market economy and democracy |
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Term
| Describe the evolution of Hungarian Communist Party? |
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Definition
1989 radical reformers took over the communist party congress and dissolved the party
1994 socialist party made up of many former communist won the majority
1998 liberal party won the majority
1999 joined NATO |
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Term
| What led to the fall of the Berlin Wall? |
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Definition
1989 Hungary allowed germans to cross into Austria and many escaped
October closed borders led to protest
1987 Reagan tear down this wall
1989 Krenz opened the gate in Berlin
No more communist party in germany |
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Term
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Definition
West german chancellor persuaded other nations to the idea of reunification
Reunited October 3 1990 |
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Term
| What were Germanys challenges after reunification? |
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Definition
| east germany railroads high ways telephones and factories were in ruins Kohl raised taxes to re-build but many lost jobs in recession |
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Term
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Definition
chancellor in 1998 market reformer but still slow economy and high unemployment
took an active role in European affairs |
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Term
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Definition
Police arrest play wright 1989
October 28 10,000 protesters gather in square hundreds arrested 3 weeks later 25,000 students come and are brutally attacked by police
November 500,000 protester come and Milos Jake's and Polietburo resign
play write elected president |
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Term
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Definition
| ordered army to fire on demonstrators Timisoara killing and wounding hundreds army turns on president who fleas and is captured and executed |
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Term
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Definition
| 1990's corruption and crime 2000's 2/3 of economy still state owned government tried to reduce bureaucracy and encourage foreign investors and achieve membership in the EU |
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Term
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Definition
formed after WWI
8 major ethnic groups
became a federation with 6 republics |
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Term
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Definition
joined Slovenia and Croatia in declaring independence
Bosnian Serbs supported by Serbia launched war against Bosnia's Muslims and Croats who wanted independence |
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Term
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Definition
policy intended to kill or remove an unwanted ethnic population
(used by Serbs against Muslims in Bosnia) |
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Term
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Definition
declared independence in 1990
Invaded by Yugoslavia and won to free itself |
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Term
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Definition
100,000 Students protest for democracy using hunger strikes sparking wide spread popular support many called for Deng to resign
Declared Martial Law surrounded Beijing
5,000 students raised "Goddess of Democracy"
June 4 1989 opened fired with soliders and tanks crushed "Goddess of Democracy" |
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Term
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Definition
1980 emerged as most powerful leader in China
last of the "Old Revolutionaries"
was willing to use capitalist ideas |
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Term
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Definition
Goals in Agriculture, Industry, Defense, and Science and Technology
leased land to farmers and sell crops for profit
permitted private business
welcomed foreign investments in technology |
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Term
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Definition
Was a British economic colony
July 1, 1997 transferred to China and promised to respect freedoms China tightened control over colony |
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Term
| Name two names of economic reform in Russia? |
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Definition
| Perestroika and Shock therapy |
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Term
| Vladimir Putin and Medvedev |
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Definition
Former KGB
Boris Yeltsin appointed him prime minister
Acting President when Yeltsin retired
Putin appointed Medvedev prime minister
Putin termed out Medvedev became President
Putin prime minister |
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Term
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Definition
polish ship yard workers created first trade union called Solidarity
Communist Party banned solidarity a year later but foreign debt caused a deep economic crisis
1988- workers went on strike demanding raises and Solidarity
1989- First free elections voted out communists in favor of Solidarity leaders |
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