Term
| What was decided at the Yalta conference? |
|
Definition
to divide Germany into zones after the war,
compensation to be paid to the Soviet Union,
Soviet Union would join war against Japan,
Stalin would allow free elections in Eastern Europe |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| international organization of 50 countries in June 1945 goal was to protect against aggression |
|
|
Term
| Who were the permanent members of the Security Council? |
|
Definition
| Britain, France, China, the U.S., the Soviet Union |
|
|
Term
| How many original members were there of the Security Council? |
|
Definition
| 11 members (today: 15 members) |
|
|
Term
| What were the Soviet Union’s "satellite" nations? |
|
Definition
| Nations in Eastern Europe which would provide a buffer zone The governments of these countries would be dominated by the political interests of the Soviet Union. |
|
|
Term
| What happened to Germany? |
|
Definition
It was divided into two parts: the German Democratic
Republic in the east and the Federal Republic of Germany in the west. |
|
|
Term
| What were the goals of the Truman Doctrine and the Marshall Plan? |
|
Definition
TD: to support countries which rejected communism – in an effort to “contain” communism (containment
MP: also to give aid to needer western europen countries |
|
|
Term
| Which countries first received aid as a result of the Truman Doctrine? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| West Berlin was cut off from the West, American and British officials flew food and supplies into West Berlin for nearly 11 months |
|
|
Term
| What alliance was formed in response to NATO? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the willingness to go to the brink, or edge, of war – fueled the production and stockpiling of nuclear weapons |
|
|
Term
| Which country launched the first satellite? |
|
Definition
| Soviet Union – Sputnik 1957 |
|
|
Term
| How did the United States respond? |
|
Definition
| poured money into science education |
|
|
Term
| When was the U-2 incident? |
|
Definition
| The Soviets shot down a U-2 plane and its pilot when it was surveying soviet territory in 1960 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Meeting between the US Britain and Soviet Union leaders
February 1945 at Soviet Black Sea resort |
|
|
Term
| Where was the "iron curtain"? |
|
Definition
| line dividing the mostly democratic countries of Western Europe and the communist countries of Eastern Europe |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| North Atlantic Treaty Organization attack one all fight |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Soviet Premier from 1958- 1964
backing Soviet Space program
Liberal Reformer |
|
|
Term
| Where was Mao's stronghold? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did peasants support the Communists? |
|
Definition
| The Communists had treated the peasants well; they had promoted literacy and improved food production. |
|
|
Term
| Where were the Nationalists dominant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Did the Nationalists help much with the fight against the Japanese? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What were the Nationalist advantages during the Civil War? |
|
Definition
| a large army and money from the U.S. |
|
|
Term
| Why were the Communists so successful? |
|
Definition
| They had won popular support. |
|
|
Term
| What happened to the Nationalists? |
|
Definition
| They lost and fled to the island which was then called Formosa. |
|
|
Term
| In what way were there "two Chinas"? |
|
Definition
| “Mainland” China vs. Formosa/Taiwan |
|
|
Term
| How did this situation intensify the Cold War? |
|
Definition
| Each of the “super powers” was helping one of the “Chinas.” |
|
|
Term
| How did the U.S. help the Nationalist government? |
|
Definition
| The Soviets provided financial, military, and technical aid |
|
|
Term
| To what areas did China expand? |
|
Definition
| into Tibet, India, and Inner Mongolia |
|
|
Term
| What led to resentment between India and China? |
|
Definition
| India welcomed many of the refugees from Tibet. There were clashes over the jurisdiction of the borders |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by a "Mandate of Heaven"? |
|
Definition
“a political theory of ancient China in which those in power were given the right to rule from a divine source”
“The concept of the mandate of heaven was that a king's rule was based on the blessing of heaven and that if a king ruled unwisely, heaven would be displeased and would give the mandate to someone else.” |
|
|
Term
| Why did the Communists claim to have a new one? |
|
Definition
| Because they had taken over from an ineffective government |
|
|
Term
| How was the new Chinese government organized? |
|
Definition
| There were two parallel political organizations: the Communist party and the national government |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| He headed both of the political organizations. |
|
|
Term
| How did Mao attempt to change China's economy? |
|
Definition
| He wanted to base the new economy on Marxist socialism. |
|
|
Term
| What was the "Great Leap Forward"? |
|
Definition
| It was a plan to improve China’s economy. Much of it was based on the idea of very, very large collective farms |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| No – due to poor planning and “backyard” industries |
|
|
Term
| What happened to the relationship between the Soviet Union and China? |
|
Definition
| Their “spirit of cooperation faded.” The two countries competed over worldwide leadership and borders |
|
|
Term
| How did Mao respond to other leaders moving away from strict socialist ideas? |
|
Definition
| He didn’t like those changes; he felt that China’s new economic policies weakened the Communist goal of social equality |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| China’s young population, mainly teenagers, which were to “learn revolution by making revolution.” |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of the Cultural Revolution? |
|
Definition
| It was a disaster and led to chaos. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| at the end of World War II |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What led to the Korean War? |
|
Definition
| The North Koreans launched a surprise attack on South Korea in June of 1950. South Korea asked the U.N. to intervene. The U.N. Security Council voted to send an international force to Korea to stop the invasion |
|
|
Term
| Why didn't the Soviets block the intervention of U.N. forces? |
|
Definition
| The Soviets were boycotting the Security Council. They were protesting the inclusion of Nationalist China (Formosa/Taiwan) at rather than Communist China at the U.N. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did China enter the war? |
|
Definition
| The Chinese felt threatened by the presence of the U.N. troops at the Yalu River by their border. |
|
|
Term
| Over what Korean War strategy did Truman and MacArthur disagree? |
|
Definition
| the use of nuclear weapons |
|
|
Term
| What was the result of the Korean War? |
|
Definition
| a stalemate and finally a cease fire |
|
|
Term
| What has happened in North Korea? in South Korea? |
|
Definition
Korea is still divided at the 38th parallel. The two countries are separated by a demilitarized zone.
North Korea – a communist country – first led by Kim Il Sung and now by his son Kim Jong Il – serious economic problems and development of nuclear weapons
South Korea – massive aid (especially from the U.S.) helped build a strong economy – dictatorships have been replaced by a democratic political system |
|
|
Term
| What led to war in Vietnam? |
|
Definition
| The people of Vietnam were tired of foreign rule |
|
|
Term
| What kind of ruler was Diem? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What made Ho Chi Minh popular? |
|
Definition
| He was a Vietnamese nationalist and led efforts to drive foreigners out of Vietnam. |
|
|
Term
| What was important about the Gulf of Tonkin resolution? |
|
Definition
| It authorized the U.S. president to send troops to fight in Vietnam. |
|
|
Term
| What led to U.S. withdrawal from Vietnam? |
|
Definition
| The war became increasingly unpopular |
|
|
Term
| Who were the Khmer Rouge? |
|
Definition
| Communist rebels in Cambodia |
|
|
Term
| How did they rule in Cambodia? |
|
Definition
| The Khmer Rouge set up a brutal communist government. Their leader, Pol Pot, died in 1998 |
|
|
Term
| What's Vietnam like today? |
|
Definition
| Today there is one communist Vietnam. However, the country welcomes foreign investment and has a “normal” relationship with the United States |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the First World, the Second World, the Third World? |
|
Definition
| the developing nations which were not aligned with one of the superpowers |
|
|
Term
| Where were these developing nations of the Third World? |
|
Definition
| Latin America, Asia, Africa |
|
|
Term
| How were these Third World countries affected by the Cold War? |
|
Definition
| The superpowers would use various techniques to gain influence in these countries and the developing countries could benefit by “playing off” the superpowers against each other |
|
|
Term
| What strategies were used during the Cold War? |
|
Definition
| The superpowers provided military aid and financial aid for various anti-poverty programs, like building schools |
|
|
Term
| How did the Cold War influence American and Soviet actions in Latin America? |
|
Definition
| The superpowers would try to support the “side” with shared ideological interests. |
|
|
Term
| What led to a revolution in Cuba in 1959? |
|
Definition
| resentment towards the unpopular dictator, Batista |
|
|
Term
| What had been Castro's goals? |
|
Definition
| to bring social reforms and improve the economy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| As a dictator, he suspended elections, controlled the press, and eliminated his opponents |
|
|
Term
| What led to an embargo placed on all U.S. trade with Cuba? |
|
Definition
| Castro nationalized the Cuban economy |
|
|
Term
| Why did the U.S. support the invasion at the Bay of Pigs? |
|
Definition
| Because it wanted to overthrow Castro’s government |
|
|
Term
| What happened during the 1962 Cuban Missile Crisis? |
|
Definition
| The Soviet Union began building missile sites in Cuba and an American spy plane discovered the sites. That led to a showdown between the U.S. president Kennedy and the soviet premier Khrushchev |
|
|
Term
| What effect has the breakup of the Soviet Union had on Cuba? |
|
Definition
| The lack of Soviet aid crippled the Cuban economy |
|
|
Term
| Why did the U.S. stop their support of the Sandinista rebels in Nicaragua? |
|
Definition
| The Sandinista rebels began to help the Marxist rebels in neighboring El Salvador. |
|
|
Term
| What is meant by the clash of religious and secular values in Iran? |
|
Definition
| There was disagreement about the best direction for the country: to be a country based on traditional Islamic values or to be a country which followed the path of the West and its materialism. |
|
|
Term
| Why did the U.S. support the shah of Iran? |
|
Definition
| The shah, Reza Pahlavi, embraced Western government and wealthy Western oil companies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| an Islamic religious leader |
|
|
Term
| What led to an Iranian revolution and the success of the Ayatollah Khomeini in 1979? |
|
Definition
| While some Iranians lived in luxury, many lived in extreme poverty. That contributed to the weakening of the shah and the rise of Khomeini, who spoke strongly against Western values and influence. Riots in 1978 Iran led to the shah fleeing the country and the return of Khomeini from exile. |
|
|
Term
| How did the followers of Khomeini feel about the United States? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| The U.S. had supported the shah |
|
|
Term
| What happened at the U.S. embassy in Tehran? |
|
Definition
| More than 60 Americans were taken hostage. The revolutionaries demanded that the shah be returned to stand trial. |
|
|
Term
| With which country was Iran engaged in a war? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which country did the U.S. support? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why did the Soviets invade Afghanistan in 1979? |
|
Definition
| A revolt in Afghanistan threatened to topple the Communist government there. That government was backed by the Soviet Union. |
|
|
Term
| What was the Soviet expectation? |
|
Definition
| a quick withdrawal front the country after shoring up the Afghan Communists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the Afghan rebels, also known as holy warriors |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Islamic religious students who also fought against the Soviet occupation |
|
|
Term
| Whom did the U.S. support? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How did Khrushchev address the "Stalin" years? |
|
Definition
| He denounced Stalin for jailing and killing loyal Soviet citizens. That began the policy of destalinization, a campaign to purge the country of Stalin’s memory. |
|
|
Term
| What happened as a result of protest in Hungary? |
|
Definition
| Soviet tanks and troops stormed Budapest to stop any reforms. A pro-Soviet government was established and the liberal Hungarian Communist leader, Nagy, was executed. |
|
|
Term
| What happened as a result of protest in Czechoslovakia? |
|
Definition
| Armed forces from the Warsaw Pact nations invaded the country to stop reforms. The Czech Communist leader, Dubcek, tried to loosen controls on censorship and create socialism with “a human face.” |
|
|
Term
| Why did Khrushchev lose his job as a Soviet leader? |
|
Definition
| He lost prestige as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis. It seemed that he had “lost” to JFK. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of leader was Brezhnev? |
|
Definition
| Brezhnev was a “hardliner.” He used repressive domestic policies to limit individual rights. And, he would not tolerate any dissent from the Eastern European satellite countries. |
|
|
Term
| What led to the split between China and the Soviet Union? |
|
Definition
| China did not want to follow Soviet leadership and began to “export” its own brand of communism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a policy of lessening Cold War tensions |
|
|
Term
| Why did detente replace brinkmanship? |
|
Definition
| The aggressive policies of brinkmanship could too easily lead to nuclear war |
|
|
Term
| How did Nixon dramatically change U.S. foreign policy? |
|
Definition
| He moved towards practicing détente. His use of détente grew out of the idea of realpolitik, being practical and flexible. |
|
|
Term
| Why did Nixon – as president - go to China? |
|
Definition
| It showed the practice of détente and he wanted Chinese support in meeting with the Soviets. |
|
|
Term
| Politically, why could Nixon take that step? |
|
Definition
| He was clearly viewed as an anti-Communist. |
|
|
Term
| What was historic about SALT? |
|
Definition
| The agreement between Nixon and Brezhnev demonstrated the first attempt to limit the number of intercontinental ballistic and submarine-launched missiles. |
|
|
Term
| How did U.S.foreign policy change under Reagan? |
|
Definition
| He moved away from the policies of détente and increased defense spending. That put more pressure on the Soviets. He also suggested a program to protect against enemy missiles, called the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), which was nicknamed “Star Wars.” |
|
|
Term
| How did Khrushchev address the "Stalin" years? |
|
Definition
| He denounced Stalin for jailing and killing loyal Soviet citizens. That began the policy of destalinization, a campaign to purge the country of Stalin’s memory. |
|
|
Term
| What happened as a result of protest in Hungary? |
|
Definition
| Soviet tanks and troops stormed Budapest to stop any reforms. A pro-Soviet government was established and the liberal Hungarian Communist leader, Nagy, was executed. |
|
|
Term
| What happened as a result of protest in Czechoslovakia? |
|
Definition
| Armed forces from the Warsaw Pact nations invaded the country to stop reforms. The Czech Communist leader, Dubcek, tried to loosen controls on censorship and create socialism with “a human face.” |
|
|
Term
| Why did Khrushchev lose his job as a Soviet leader? |
|
Definition
| He lost prestige as a result of the Cuban Missile Crisis. It seemed that he had “lost” to JFK. |
|
|
Term
| What kind of leader was Brezhnev? |
|
Definition
| Brezhnev was a “hardliner.” He used repressive domestic policies to limit individual rights. And, he would not tolerate any dissent from the Eastern European satellite countries. |
|
|
Term
| What led to the split between China and the Soviet Union? |
|
Definition
| China did not want to follow Soviet leadership and began to “export” its own brand of communism. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a policy of lessening Cold War tensions |
|
|
Term
| Why did detente replace brinkmanship? |
|
Definition
| The aggressive policies of brinkmanship could too easily lead to nuclear war |
|
|
Term
| How did Nixon dramatically change U.S. foreign policy? |
|
Definition
| He moved towards practicing détente. His use of détente grew out of the idea of realpolitik, being practical and flexible. |
|
|
Term
| Why did Nixon – as president - go to China? |
|
Definition
| It showed the practice of détente and he wanted Chinese support in meeting with the Soviets. |
|
|
Term
| Politically, why could Nixon take that step? |
|
Definition
| He was clearly viewed as an anti-Communist. |
|
|
Term
| What was historic about SALT? |
|
Definition
| The agreement between Nixon and Brezhnev demonstrated the first attempt to limit the number of intercontinental ballistic and submarine-launched missiles. |
|
|
Term
| How did U.S.foreign policy change under Reagan? |
|
Definition
| He moved away from the policies of détente and increased defense spending. That put more pressure on the Soviets. He also suggested a program to protect against enemy missiles, called the Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), which was nicknamed “Star Wars.” |
|
|
