Term
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Definition
| behavior that occurs as a collateral effect of a schedule of periodic reinforcement for other behavior(time-filling or interim activities) |
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Term
| Concurrent Schedule (conc) |
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Definition
| 2+ contingencies of reinforcement operate independently and simultaneously for 2+ behaviors |
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Term
| Continuous Reinforcement (CRF) |
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Definition
| each occurrence of the target behavior is reinforced |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement for Diminished Rates (DRD) |
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Definition
| reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being fewer than a gradually decreasing criterion based on the individual's performance in previous intervals. Can be decreased amount of events during the interval or increased time span with the same amount of events allowed. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement for High Rates (DRH) |
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Definition
| Reinforcement is provided at the end of a predetermined interval contingent on the number of responses emitted during the interval being greater than a gradually increasing criterion based on the individual's performance in previous intervals. Produces a higher rate of responding. |
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Term
| Differential Reinforcement for Low Rates (DRL) |
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Definition
| reinforcement (a) follows each occurrence of the target behavior that is separated from the previous response by a minimum IRT or (b) in contingent on the number of responses within a period of time not exceeding a predetermined criterion, not meant to eliminate the behavior. Produces a lower rate of behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed duration of time since the last response was reinforced |
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Term
| intermittent schedule of reinforcement (INT) |
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Definition
| A contingency of rein-forcement in which some, but not all, occurrences of the behavior produce reinforcemen |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement is available ONLY during a finite time following the elapse of an FI or VI interval, reinforcement is withheld until the next interval. |
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Term
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Definition
| the allocation of responses to choices available on concurrent schedules of reinforcement; rates of responding across choices are distributed in proportions that match the rates of reinforcement received from each choice alternative |
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Term
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Definition
| consisting of 2+ basic schedules of reinforcement that occur in an alternating, usually random, sequence; a Sd is correlated with the presence or absence of each element of the schedule and reinforcement is delivered for meeting the response requirements of the element in effect at any time. Occur successively and independently. |
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Term
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Definition
| the absence of responding for a period of time following reinforcement; common during FI and FR |
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Term
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Definition
| A behavioral effect associated with abrupt increases in ratio requirements when moving from denser to thinner reinforcement schedules; common effects include avoidance, aggression, and unpredictable pauses or cessation in responding. When reinforcement cannot maintain the response level. When the response requirement exceeds the participants physiological capabilities. |
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Term
| schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| A rule specifying the environmental arrangements and response requirements for reinforcement; a description of a contingency of reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| Changing a contingency of reinforcement by gradually increasing the response ratio or the extent of the time interval; it results in a lower rate of reinforcement per responses, time, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement that provides reinforcement for the first correct response following the elapse of variable durations of time occurring in a random or unpredictable order. Produces a constant, stable rate of response |
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Term
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Definition
| A schedule of reinforcement requiring a varying number of responses for reinforcement. Produce consistent, steady rates of response. |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement is delivered for the first response emitted following the passage of a fixed number of responses. Produce consistent, steady, rates of response. |
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Term
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Definition
| each ratio requirement. The responses required to produce reinforcement. Such as in a fixed ration schedule of reinforcement. |
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Term
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Definition
| A term to describe the way the rate of responding to fixed interval schedules looks on a graph. Represents a post-reinforcement pause, then a slow initial rate of response gradually accelerating toward the end of the interval and the contact with reinforcement. |
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Term
| spaced responding DRL or DRH |
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Definition
| reinforcement is available only for responses that are separated by a given duration of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Provides reinforcement if the total number of responses during the session is (DRL) lower than, or (DRH) higher than the criterion limit. |
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Term
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Definition
| reinforcement is available only for responses that occur at a better (higher or lower depending on DRL or DRH) rate of response over short durations of equal intervals of time within the session. |
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Term
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Definition
| Method used to increase response variability. Like Karen Prior with reinforcing only behavior they have never seen before. Reinforcement is contingent on a response differing in some predetermined way (topography, sequence) from one or more responses that preceded it. Each number after the ___ stands for the number of previous responses that the current response must be different from in order to contact reinforcement. ___infinity schedule means a response must be different from all prior responses. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diverse and novel forms of behavior. |
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Term
| progressive schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| systematically thins each successive reinforcement opportunity within the session independent of the participants behavior. |
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Term
| Progressive -ration (PR) schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| Within a session, a pattern of increasing ratio requirements, increased by adding a constant number or a constant proportion to the response requirements, until the end of the session. Comparing data using different reinforcers offers an assessment for the potency of a reinforcer. |
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Term
| Delay to reinforcement schedules |
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Definition
| After the criteria is met, a delay that is gradually increased is placed before the reinforcement contact. Also called delay fading. Learning to wait. |
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Term
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Definition
| changing schedule requirements in one component may affect responding in the unaltered components of a multiple schedule of reinforcement. |
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Term
| Mixed schedule of reinforcement (MIX) |
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Definition
| A nondiscriminated schedule of reinforcement. The same as multiple schedule of reinforcement, except no Sd signals the presence of the independent component schedules. |
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Term
| Tandem schedule of reinforcement (TAND) |
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Definition
| like chained schedule of reinforcement, but with no Sd for change in schedule |
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Term
| Alternative Schedules of reinforcement |
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Definition
| opportunity for reinforcement on two or more simultaneously available basic schedules of reinforcement. The first completed provides reinforcement, and then all schedule requirements start over following reinforcement. |
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Term
| Conjunctive schedule of reinforcement (CONJ) |
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Definition
| reinforcement follows completion of response requirements for two or more schedules of reinforcement. |
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Term
| Chained (CHAIN) schedule of reinforcement |
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Definition
| Two or more schedules, each with an Sd, operating in a specified sequence. |
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