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| Mineral salt (sodium, potassium, or calcium) that carries an electrical charge when in solution |
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| Fluid that passes from the blood through the capillary walls of the glomeruli into Bowman capsule |
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| Product of protein metabolism that include urea, uric acid, creatine, creatinine, and ammonia. |
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| sequence of rhythmic contraction of smooth muscles of a hollow organ to force material forward and prevent back flow |
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| Serous membrane that lines the abdominopelvic cavity and covers most of the organs within the cavity. |
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| Symbol that expresses the alkalinity or acidity of a solution |
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| Liquid portion of blood that is filtered by the nephrons to remove dissolved wastes |
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| bacteria (singular bacterium) |
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| potassium (an electrolyte) |
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| ketone bodies (acids and acetones) |
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| forming, producing, origin |
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| abnormal condition (produced by something specified) |
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| absence or urine production or output |
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| bladder neck obstruction (BNO) |
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| Blockage at the base of the bladder that reduces or prevents urine from passing into the urethra |
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| prolapsing or downward displacement of the bladder due to weakening of the supporting tissues between a woman's bladder and vagina |
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| painful or difficult urination, commonly described as a "burning sensation" while urinating |
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| end-stage renal disease (ESRD) |
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| Any type of kidney disease in which there is little or no remaining kidney function, requiring the patient to undergo dialysis or kidney transplant for survival |
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| Involuntary discharge of urine; also called incontinence |
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| Abnormal passage from a hollow organ to the surface or from one organ to another |
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abnormal dilation of the renal pelvis and the calyces of one or both kidneys due to
pressure from accumulated urine that cannot flow past an obstruction in the urinary tract |
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| Chronic inflammation of the bladder wall that is not caused by bacterial infection and is not responsive to conventional abx therapy; also called painful bladder syndrome |
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| Loss of large amounts of plasma protein, usually albumin, through urine due to an increased permeability of the glomerular membrane |
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| impairment of bladder control due to brain or nerve conduction |
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| polycystic kidney disease |
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| Inherited disease in which sacs of fluid called cysts develop in the kidneys |
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| sensation of the need to void immediately |
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| Disorder caused by the failure of urine to pass through the ureters to the bladder, usually due to impairment of the valve between the ureter and bladder or obstruction in the ureter |
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| Rapidly developing malignant neoplasm of the kidney that usually occurs in children |
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| Mechanical filtering process used to clear the blood of toxic substances, such as nitrogenous wastes, when kidneys fail to function properly |
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| Type of dialysis in which an artificial kidney machine receives waste-filled blood, filters the blood, and returns the dialyzed (clean) blood to the pt's bloodstream |
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| Type of dialysis in which toxic substances are removed from the body by using the peritoneal membrane as the filter by perfusing (flushing) the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution |
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| Replacement of a diseased kidney with one that is supplied by a compatible donor (usually a family member or a cadaver who has donated the kidney prior to death) |
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| Fixation of a floating or mobile kidney |
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| The passage of a tube through the skin and into the renal pelvis to drain urine to a collecting receptacle outside of the body when the ureters are unable to do so. |
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| Insertion of a mesh tube into a natural passage conduit in the body to prevent, or counteract a disease-induced, localized flow restriction |
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| Insertion of a thin narrow tube into the ureter to prevent or treat obstruction of urine flow from the kidney |
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| Incision of a urethral stricture |
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| Measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra |
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| Examination of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps using a specialized endoscope |
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| Determines the amount of nitrogen in blood that comes from urea, a waste product of protein metabolism |
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| Determines the causative organism of an infection and identifies how the organism responds to various abx |
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| Urine screening test that includes physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation |
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| High-frequency waves (US) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as "echoes" to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography, or echo |
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| US produces images of the bladder to measure pre- and postvoid residual urine, thus determining bladder volume and, potentially, identifying incomplete bladder emptying |
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| Imaging of the urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium; also called excretory urography |
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| Technique in which a radiopharmaceutical called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested, or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) is used to produce images of organs and structures |
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| nuclear scan of the kidneys used to determine their size, shape, and position |
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| voiding cystourethrography |
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Definition
| X-ray of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium to enhance imaging |
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