Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to relieving pain; a medication that relieves pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical joining of two ducts, blood vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to the other. May be performed to bypass an occluded area and restore normal blood flow to the area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Localized dilation of a weakened area of the wall of an artery. The weakened area balloons out with every pulsation of the artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Surgical removal of the sac of an aneurysm. |
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Term
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Definition
| Deviation from normal; birth defect. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat. Seen in individuals who are depressed, with the onset of fever and illness, with stomach disorders, or as a result of excessive intake of alcohol or drugs. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal collection of fluid within the peritoneal cavity. The fluid contains large amounts of protein and electrolytes. General abdomen swelling occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Absence of contractions of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of arteriosclerosis characterized by fatty deposits building up within the inner layers of the walls of larger arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Noncancerous; not progressive. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal sound or murmur heard with a stethoscope when listening to a carotid artery, organ, or gland. |
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Term
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Definition
| One who specialized in the study of diseases and disorders of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the heart muscles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cramplike pains in the calves of the legs caused by poor circulation to the muscles of the legs; commonly associated with atherosclerosis. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of a pair of arteries that branch from the aorta. Supply blood and oxygen to the heart muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any on of the small flaps on the valves of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fluid accumulation in the tissues influenced by gravity; usually greater in the lower extremities than in tissue levels above the level of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The period of relaxation of the heart, alternating with the contraction phase known as systole. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| The graphic outline or record o movements of structures of the heart produced by ultrasonography. |
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Term
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Definition
| The localized or generalized collection of fluid within the body tissues, causing the area to swell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the inner lining of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The inner layer of the pericardium, which is the double-folded membrane that encloses the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlargement of the liver. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pain felt in the calf of the leg, or behind the knee, when the examiner is purposely dorsiflexing the foot of the patient. |
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Term
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Definition
| An excessive level of fats in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevated blood pressure persistently higher than 135/85 mmHg; high blood pressure; also known as arterial hypertension. |
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Term
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Definition
| Low blood pressure; less than normal blood pressure reading. |
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Term
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Definition
| Insufficient oxygenation of arterial blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| A localized area of necrosis (death) in tissue, a vessel, an organ, or a part resulting from lack of oxygen due to interrupted blood flow to the area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Decreased supply of oxygenated blood to a body part or organ. |
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Term
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Definition
| A wound, injury, or any pathological change in body tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any of a group of fats or fatlike substances found in the blood. Examples are cholesterol, fatty acids, and triglycerides. |
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Term
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Definition
| A cavity or the channel within any organ or structure of the body; the space within an artery, vein, intestine, or tube. |
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Term
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Definition
| A vague feeling of body weakness discomfort, often indicating the onset of an illness or disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| The area between the lungs in the chest cavity that contains the heart, aorta, trachea, esophagus, and bronchi. |
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Term
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Definition
| A low-pitched humming or fluttering sound heard on auscultation. |
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Term
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Definition
| The middle muscular layer of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Closure, or state of being closed. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal condition in which a person sits up straight or stands up to breathe comfortably. |
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Term
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Definition
| The SA node (sinoatrial) of the heart located in the right atrium. It is responsible for initiating the heartbeat, influencing the rate and rhythm of the heart beat. The cardiac pacemaker (artificial pacemaker) is an electric apparatus used for maintaining a normal heart rhythm by electrically stimulating the heart muscle to contract. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A pounding or racing of the heart, associated with normal emotional responses or with heart disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pertaining to the pericardium |
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Term
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Definition
| The double membranous sac that encloses the heart and the origins of the great blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small, purplish, hemorrhagic spots on the skin; may be due to abnormality in the blood-clotting mechanism of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| Swelling, usually of the skin of the extremities, that when pressed firmly with a finger will maintain the dent produced by the finger. |
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Term
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Definition
| An agent that protects against disease. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of a pair of arteries that transports deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation. Only arteries to carry deoxygenated blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| The circulation of deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle of the heart to the lungs for oxygenation and back to the left atrium of the heart; that is, from the heart, to the lungs, back to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of four large veins (two from each lung) that returns oxygenated blood from the lungs back to the left atrium of the heart. Only veins in the body to carry oxygenated blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Sinoatrial node; pacemaker of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| A wall, or partition, that divided or separates two cavities. The interatrial septum separates the right and left atria, the atriocentricular septum separates the atria and the ventricles, and the interventricular septum separates the right and left ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A hypersensitivity reaction that may occur two to three weeks after administration of an antiserum. Symptoms include fever, enlargement of the spleen, swollen lymph nodes, joint pain, and skin rash. |
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Term
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Definition
| A form of chorea (involuntary muscle twitching) associated with rheumatic fever, usually occurring in childhood. |
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Term
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Definition
| The circulation of blood from the left ventricle of the heart, throughout the body, and back to the right atrium of the heart. Oxygenated blood leaves the left ventricle of the heart and is distributed tot he capillaries. Deoxygenated blood is picked up from the capillaries and is transported back to the right atrium of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The contraction phase of the heartbeat forcing blood into the aorta and the pulmonary arteries. Marked by the first sound heard on auscultation, or the first pulse palpated, after the release of the blood pressure cuff. |
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Term
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Definition
| The formation or existence of a blood clot. |
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Term
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Definition
| Narrowing of the lumen of a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal growth of tissue around a valve. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A feeling of apprehension, worry, uneasiness, or dread, especially of the future. |
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Term
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Definition
| A slow heart rate characterized by a pulse rate under 60 beats per minute. |
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Term
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Definition
| A feeling of discomfort in the chest area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Slightly bluish, grayish, slatelike, or dark discoloration of the skin due to the presence of abnormal amounts of reduced hemoglobin in the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Difficult breathing; air hunger resulting in labored or difficult breathing, sometimes accompanied by pain. |
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Term
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Definition
| A feeling of tiredness or weariness resulting from continued activity or as a side effect from some psychotropic drug. |
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Term
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Definition
| Elevation of temperature above the normal. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diffuse pain in different portions of the head and not confined to any nerve distribution area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Unpleasant sensation, usually preceding vomiting. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack or color, paleness; an unnatural paleness or absence of color in the skin. |
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Term
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Definition
| Perspiration; the liquid secreted by the sweat glands, having a salty taste. |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormally rapidity of heart action, usually defined as a heart rate over 100 beats per minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Ejection through the mouth of the gastric content. |
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Term
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Definition
| Lacking physical strength or vigor. |
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Term
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Definition
| Outer covering of the pericardium that provides strength to the pericardium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner layer of the pericardium, forms a thin, tight covering over the heart surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Small space between the layers of the pericardium filled with fluid that lubricates the surface of the heart and reduces friction during cardiac muscle contraction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inner layer of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Upper chambers of the heart; the receiving chambers. |
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Term
| right and left ventricles |
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Definition
| Lower chambers of the heart; the pumping chambers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separates right and left sides of atria. |
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Term
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Definition
| Separates right and left sides of ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| atrioventricular node; located within the interatrial septum just above the junction of the atria and ventricles. Coordinates impulses from the atria and relays the impulse to the ventricles through specialized muscle fibers called the bundle of His. |
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Term
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Definition
| Specialized muscle fibers; divides into right and left bundle branches that terminate into Purkinje fibers. |
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Term
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Definition
| Fibers fan out into the muscles of the ventricles, forming the electrical impulse-conducting system of the heart. Cause the ventricles to contract. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large, thick-walled vessels that carry the blood way from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thinner walls than arteries and are composed almost entirely of smooth muscle. Carry the blood on to the minute blood vessels known as capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremely thin walls, consisting of a single layer of endothelial cells. Allow for the exchange of materials between the blood and the tissue fluid surrounding the body cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smallest veins. Collect the deoxygenated blood from the cells for transport back to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Have thinner walls than arteries but thicker walls than capillaries. They transport blood from the venules to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| The pressure exerted by the blood on the walls of the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| The maximum pressure reached within the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| The minimum pressure within the ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| Blood pressure cuff; used to measure blood pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| Severe pain and constriction about the heart, usually radiating to the left shoulder and down the left arm, creating a feeling of pressure in the anterior chest. |
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Term
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Definition
| Compression of the heart caused by the accumulation of blood or other fluid within the pericardial sac. Prevents the ventricles from adequately filling or pumping blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| Disease of the heart muscle itself, primarily affecting the pumping ability of the heart. Noninflammatory disease of the heart results in enlargement of the heart and dysfunction of the ventricles of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition characterized by weakness, breathlessness, abdominal discomfort. Edema in the lower portions of the body resulting from the flow of the blood through the vessels being slowed and the outflow of blood from the left side of the hear is reduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| The narrowing of the coronary arteries to the extent that adequate blood supply to the myocardium is prevented. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the membrane lining of the valves and chambers of the heart caused by direct invasion of bacteria or other organisms and leading to deformity of the valve cusps. |
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Term
| hypertensive heart disease |
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Definition
| A result of long-term hypertension. The heart is affected because it must work against increased resistance due to increased pressure in the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Drooping of one or both cusps of the mitral valve back into the left atrium during ventricular systole, resulting in incomplete closure of the valve mitral insufficiency. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heart attack; a condition caused by occlusion of one or more of the coronary arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the myocardium may be caused by viral or bacterial infections or may be a result of systemic diseases such as rheumatic fever. May also be caused by fungal infections, serum sickness, or a chemical agent |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of the pericardium. May be acute or chronic. |
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Term
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Definition
| An inflammatory disease that may develop as a delayed reaction to insufficiently treated group A beta-hemolytic streptococcal infection of the upper respiratory tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| A localized dilation of an artery formed at a weak point in the vessel wall. This weakened area balloons out with each pulsation of the artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| An arterial condition in which there is thickening, hardening, and loss of elasticity of the walls of arteries, resulting in decreased blood supply especially to the lower extremities and cerebrum. Also called hardening of the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the patient has a higher blood pressure than that judged to be normal |
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Term
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Definition
| Also called primary hypertension. Accounts for approximately 90% of all hypertension. Has no single known cause |
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Term
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Definition
| Hypertension that is severe and rapidly progressive. Most common in African American men under 40. Characterized by a diastolic pressure higher than 120 mmHg, severe headaches, confusion, and blurred vision. |
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Term
| peripheral arterial occlusive disease |
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Definition
| Obstruction of the arteries in the extremities. Leading cause is atherosclerosis, which leads to narrowing of the lumen of the artery. |
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Term
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Definition
| Intermittent attacks of vasoconstriction of the arterioles, followed by cyanosis and then redness before returning to normal color; initiated by exposure to cold or emotional disturbance. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of a vein associated with the formation of a thrombus; usually occurs in an extremity, most frequently the leg. |
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Term
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Definition
| Enlarged, superficial veins; a twisted vein with incompetent valves. |
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Term
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Definition
| Less than 10% of all hypertension. Caused by an underlying condition. |
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Term
| superficial thrombophlebitis |
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Definition
| Usually obvious, accompanied by a cordlike or thready appearance to the vessel. |
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Term
| deep vein thrombosis (DVT) |
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Definition
| Occurs primarily in the lower legs, thighs, and pelvic area. Characterized by aching or cramping pain in the legs. |
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Term
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Definition
| Form of treatment for varicose veins that involves the injection of a chemical irritant into the vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| A surgical procedure for varicose veins that consists of ligation of the saphenous vein. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal circulatory condition characterized by decreased return of venous blood from the legs to the trunk of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| A congenital heart defect characterized by a localized narrowing of the aorta, which results in increased blood pressure in the upper extremities and decreased blood pressure in the lower extremities. |
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Term
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Definition
| An abnormal opening between the pulmonary artery and the aorta caused by failure of the fetal ductus arteriosus to close after birth. Seen primarily in premature infants. |
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Term
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Definition
| A congenital heart anomaly that consists of four defects: pulmonary stenosis, interventricular septal defect, dextroposition of the aorta so that it receives blood from both ventricles, and hypertrophy of the right ventricle. |
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Term
| transposition of the great vessels |
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Definition
| A condition in which the two major arteries of the heart are reversed in position, which results in two noncommunicating circulatory systems. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any deviation from the normal pattern of the heartbeat. |
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Term
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Definition
| Condition in which the contractions of the atria become extremely rapid, at the rate of between 250 and 350 beats per minute. |
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Term
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Definition
| Extremely rapid, incomplete contractions of the atria resulting in disorganized and uncoordinated twitching of the atria. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition similar to atrial fibrillation, which results in rapid, tremulous, and ineffectual contractions of the ventricles. The patient has no audible heartbeat, no palpable pulse, no respiration, and no blood circulation. If prolonged, this will lead to cardiac arrest. |
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Term
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Definition
| A interference with the normal conduction of electric impulses that control activity of the heart muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which the ventricles of the hear beat at a rate greater than 100 beats per minute; characterized by three or more consecutive premature ventricular contractions (PVCs). Also known as V-tach (VT) |
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Term
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Definition
| X-ray visualization of the internal anatomy of the heart and blood vessels after introducing a radiopaque substance that promotes the imaging of internal structures that are otherwise difficult to see on x-ray film. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagnostic procedure in which a catheter is introduced into a large vein or artery and then threaded through the circulatory system to the heart. Used to obtain detailed information about the structure and function of the heart chambers, valves, and the great vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
| Performed on samples of blood obtained by venipuncture to determine the presence of damage to the myocardial muscle. |
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Term
| computed axial tomography (CAT) |
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Definition
| A diagnostic x-ray technique that uses ionizing radiation to produce a cross-sectional image of the body. Often used to detect aneurysms of the aorta. |
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Term
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Definition
| A diagnostic procedure for studying the structure and motion of the heart. Useful in evaluating structural and functional changes in a variety of heart disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
| A graphic record of the electrical action of the heart as reflected from various angles to the surface of the skin. Known as an EKG or ECG |
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Term
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Definition
| Similar to the Holter monitor in that it also records the electrical activity of the heart while the patient goes about usual daily activities. Can be used for a longer period of time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Means of assessing cardiac function by subjecting the patient to carefully controlled amounts of physical stress. |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, portable monitoring device that makes prolonged electrocardiograph recordings on a portable tape recorder. Continuous EKG (ambulatory EKG) is recorded on a magnetic tape recording while the patient conducts normal daily activities. |
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Term
| implantable cardioverter defibrillator |
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Definition
| Small, lightweight, electronic device placed under the skin or muscle in either the chest or abdomen to monitor the heart's rhythm. If an abnormal rhythm occurs, the ICD helps return the heart to its normal rhythm. |
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Term
| magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) |
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Definition
| Involves the use of a strong magnetic field and radiofrequency waves to produce imaging that is valuable in providing images of the heart, large blood vessels, brain, and soft tissue. |
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Term
| positron emission tomography (PET) |
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Definition
| Computerized X-ray technique that uses radioactive substances to examine the blood flow and the metabolic activity of various body structures, such as the heart and blood vessels. The patient is given doses of strong radioactive tracers by injection or inhalation. The radiation emitted is measured by the PET camera. |
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Term
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Definition
| Measures the amount of fatty substances in a sample of blood obtained by venipuncture. |
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Term
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Definition
| One of several nuclear stress tests, is a combination of exercise stress testing with thallium imaging to asses changes in coronary blood flow during exercise. |
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