In contrast to the rapid increases in body size seen during infancy, early childhood is marked by a slower pattern of growth.

true

growth norms and trends are cross-culturally consistent

true

true

growth curve which represents changes in body size from infancy to adolescence- pg.290. rapid growth during infancy to adolescence- slower gains in early and middle childhood and rapid growth again during adolescence.

genitals dev. Slowly from birth to age 4. lymph glands.

true or false: By age 4, the child’s brain bas produced an overabundance of synaptic connections, contributing to the plasticity of the young brain.

true

Synaptic pruning- neurons that are seldom stimulated lose their connective fiberd, and the number of synapses is reduced.

90%

90%

A strong hand preference reflects the greater capacity of one side of the brain, or the --cerebral hemisphere, to carry out skilled motor action.

dominant

False: The ambidextrous abilities displayed by many left-handers suggest that their brains tend to be more less lateralized than those of right-handers

The --gland, located near the base of the brain, releases hormones affecting physical growth.

pituitary

1. necessary for development of all body tissues except the cvs and the genitals; lack of GH reach an average mature height of only 4 fts, 4 in. 

2. stimulates the thyroid gland to release thyroxine, which is necessary for normal development of the nerve cells of the brain and for GH to have its full impact on ody size.  deficiency of thyroxine must receive it at once or they will be mentally retarded.  at later ages, children grow at a below-average rate (at birth, atleast one injection of TSH)(mental retardation)

Total sleep time --in early childhood

decreases

true; they are not growing as much anymore

Meals become unpleasant and stressful. This practice causes children to like the healthy food less & treat more limit slef control dev. à over eating.

rises

Unintentional injuries are the leading cause of childhood mortalisty in industrial countries.

true

doses of xylitol, frequent screaning for the disease, followed by prompt medical intervention, child-care settings that control infection, verbally stimulation adult-child interaction.

As children’s bodies become more streamlines and their center of gravity shifts downward, -- improves greatly, paving the way for new motor skills involving large muscles of the body.

balance

1. hurried walk changes to true run; jumps, hops, throws, and catches with rigid upper body; little steering

2. walks up stairs with alternating feet; flexes upper body when jumping and hopping; throws with slight involvment of upper body, still catches against chest; pedal and steers tricycle

3. walks downstairs with alternating feet; catches with hands; rides tricycle rapidly, steers smoothly

4. engages in true skipping; displays mature throwing and catching style; ride bicycle with training wheels

 1. 2 to 3 years

2. 3 to 4 years

3. 4 to 5 years

4. 5 to 6 years

1. scribbles gradually become pictures; puts on and removes simple items of clothing; zips large zippers; uses spoon effectively

2. draws first tadpole image of a person; copies vertical line and circle; uses scissors; fastens and unfastens large buttons

3. copies triangle, cross, and some letters; cuts along line with scissors; uses fork effectively

4. draws a person with six parts; copies some numbers and words; ties shoes; used knife

1. 2 to 3

2. 3 to 4

3. 4 to 5

4. 5 to 6

1. scribbles- draw during second year 2. first representational forms- scribbles turn to pictures; shape; label

3. more realistic drawings- learn to desire greater realism

Depends on child (4-6)