Term
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Definition
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Term
| what is an ischemic stroke? |
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Definition
| this is due to a sudden vascular insufficiency which could be due to either a thrombus (blood clot formed w/in vessels) or an embolus (foreign matter carried in the bloodstream: from other part of the body) |
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Term
| what is a transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
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Definition
| a short stroke: min-hours, may be associated w/hypotension |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny lesions caused by occlusions of perforating artery |
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Term
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Definition
| a necrotic region of tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the area surrounding the infarct tissue - low functioning, but still viable |
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Term
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Definition
| a balloon-like swelling of arterial walls which usually occurs at sites of bifurcation |
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Term
| what is an arteriovenous malformation (AVM)? |
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Definition
| a congenital malformation where arteries connect to veins and can then become large w/age and steal blood from other ares of the brain |
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Term
| what is a hemorrhagic stroke? |
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Definition
| a stroke due to rupture of the small perforating arteries = blood leaking into brain tissue |
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Term
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Definition
| the vertebral arteries supply the medulla and spinal cord. the *anterior spinal artery is between these and is essential for medulla/pyramids. the posterior inferior cerebellar arteries (PCIA) are the first vessels off the vertebral arteries and area also important for supply to the medullary region. the posterior spinal artery comes off the PICA or vertebral artery. the vertebral arteries combine to form the basilar artery which quickly gives off the anterior inferior cerebellar artery (AICA) then goes up through the medulla, giving off the pontine arteries until it reaches CNIII (oculomotor), which right before it gives off the superior cerebellar artery and right after gives off the posterior cerebral artery (this is a major risk location for aneurysms). |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal carotids come in above the posterior cerebral artery and send down a posterior communicating artery to the PCA, the opthalamic artery, and the anterior choroidal artery, the anterior cerebral artery, and then continue on as the middle cerebral artery. |
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Term
| what is significant about the anterior/posterior spinal arteries? |
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Definition
| the anterior spinal artery supplies the anterior horn of the spinal segment - which is responsible for motor function and the posterior spinal artery supplies the posterior horn of the spinal segment which is responsible for sensory function. |
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Term
| what is the circle of willis? (*know this*) |
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Definition
| a potential collateral pathway for blood flow, it connects the basilar artery w/the internal carotids and is composed of the anterior cerebral arteries, the anterior communicating artery (may not exist), the internal carotid, posterior communicating artery, and the posterior cerebral artery. |
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Term
| what is the distribution of the anterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| from the between the 2 hemispheres out to a margin on the top/front of the orbital frontal brain's ventral surface. (feet, hips of the homunculus) |
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Term
| what is the distribution of the middle cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| lateral to that of the anterior cerebral artery wrapping posteriorly back about halfway (supplies primary motor and sensory). (face of the homunculus) |
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Term
| what is the distribution of the posterior cerebral artery? |
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Definition
| posterolateral to that of the middle cerebral artery, reaching farther back around the brain (vision) |
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Term
| what is the arterial supply to the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| the superior cerebellar artery most anteriorly, then the anterior inferior cerebellar artery, then the posterior inferior cerebellar artery |
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Term
| what supplies the ventral surface of the brainstem? laterally? |
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Definition
| ventrally: the anterior spinal artery. laterally: the vertebral arteries. |
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Term
| what is the blood supply to the pons? |
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Definition
| pontine arteries via the basilar artery |
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Term
| what is the major blood supply to the amygdala/uncus/hippocampus/thalamus/hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| amygdala: anterior choroidal. hippocampus: anterior choroidal, posterior cerebral. thalamus: posterior cerebral, posterior communicating branch, anterior choroidal. hypothalamus: posterior communicating, anterior communicating, and internal carotid. |
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Term
| what is the major blood supply to the eye? |
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Definition
| the opthalmic artery (gives off retinal artery) |
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Term
| looking laterally at the brain what is the major blood supply? |
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Definition
| the middle cerebral artery (comes from lateral sulcus) |
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Term
| what supplies most of the medial surface of each cerebral hemisphere? |
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Definition
| the anterior cerebral artery - which runs on top of the corpus callosum |
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Term
| what supplies the midbrain? |
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Definition
| the posterior cerebral artery |
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Term
| what supplies the basal ganglia structures? |
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Definition
| the *lenticulostriate arteries (which branch off the middle cerebral artery), the anterior cerebral, and anterior choroidal. |
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Term
| what is the supply to the internal capsule? |
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Definition
| the lenticulostriate, anterior choroidal, internal carotid, and anterior cerebral |
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Term
| what is the watershed area in the brain and what arteries supply it? how? |
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Definition
| the superior region of the brain has overlapping projections of end arterial supply from the anterior/middle cerebral arteries and middle/posterior cerebral arteries. the distance between these end arteries increases w/age and depends on vasodilation/diffusion for adequate perfusion. |
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