Term
| What do the basal ganglia and the cerebellum have in common? |
|
Definition
| The do not have direct access to the lower motor neurons |
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Term
| Where the does cerebellum receive input from? |
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Definition
| A wide area of the cortex |
|
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Term
| Where does the cerebellum send its projections to? |
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Definition
| upper motor cortex centers |
|
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Term
| The cerebellum is important for what 3 motor functions? |
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Definition
1. coordination
2. balance
3. muscle tone |
|
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Term
| What are the 3 parts of the cerebellum (based on sources of input)? |
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Definition
1. cerebrocerebellum
2. spinocerebellum
3. vestibular cerebellum |
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Term
| Where is the cerebrocerebellum? |
|
Definition
| lateral cerebellar hemispheres |
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Term
| Where does the cerebrocerebellum receive info from? |
|
Definition
| many areas of the cerebral cortex |
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebrocerebellum? |
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Definition
| regulates highly skilled movements, especially the planning and execution of complex spatial and temporal sequences |
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Term
| Where is the spinocerebellum located? |
|
Definition
| medial and intermediate areas of cerebellum |
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Term
| Where does the spinocerebellum receive input from? |
|
Definition
| directly from the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the spinocerebellum? |
|
Definition
1.lateral part concerned with distal muscles
2. central part (vermis) concerned with proximal muscles and eye movements |
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Term
| What are the two parts of the vestibulocerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the vestibulocerebellum? |
|
Definition
| regulates movements underlying posture equilibrium |
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Term
| Where does the vestibulocerebellum receive input from? |
|
Definition
| The vestibular nuclei in the brain stem |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| a pathway to and from the cerebellum |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. superior peduncle
2. middle cerebellar peduncle
3. inferior peduncle |
|
|
Term
| Describe the superior peduncle |
|
Definition
| Mostly efferent pathway. Deep cerebellar nuclei send axons out to the upper motor neurons in the red nucleus and deep layers of the SC and after a route through the thalamus, to primary motor neurons in motor and premotor areas |
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Term
| Describe the middle cerebellar peduncle |
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Definition
| affterent pathway to the cerebellum. Pontine nuclei in the pons get input from almost all areas of the cerebral cortex and SC. Axons from potine cross the midline and project to other side of cerebellum |
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Term
| Describe the inferior cerebellar peduncle's efferent axons |
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Definition
| Contains both efferent and afferent axons. Efferent axons project from cerebellum to vestibular nuclei in brain stem and to the reticular formation. |
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Term
| Describe the inferior cerebellar peduncle's afferent axons |
|
Definition
| Gets info into cerebellum from the vestibular nuclei, spinal cord, and brain stem tegmentum |
|
|
Term
| What is the major source of input into the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the major destination of the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Besides the cerebral cortex, where does the input to the cerebellum come from? |
|
Definition
1. motor cortex
2. premotor cortex
3. primary cortex
4. secondary somatosensory cortex
5. visual areas in posterior parietal lobe |
|
|
Term
| Besides the cerebrocerebellum, where does the information from the cerebellum travel to? |
|
Definition
1. motor cortex
2. premotor cortex |
|
|
Term
| Visually guided movements are a major task of what part of the brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do the cerebellum and the cerebrocerebellum work together? |
|
Definition
| The cerebrocerebellum lets the cerebellum know what movements are planned and ordered and the cerebellum sends back info to alter planned movements |
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|
Term
| What projects to the vestibulocerebellum? |
|
Definition
1. vestibular input from 8th cranial nerve (hearing, sense of balance)
2. vestibular nuclei in medulla |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| involved in unconscious proprioception |
|
|
Term
| Vestibular and spinal inputs remain ..... from their point of entry in the brain stem so that the right cerebellum is concerned with the right side of the body and left with left |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| associated with voluntary body movement |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the inferior olive and locus ceruleus? |
|
Definition
| both in brain stem. send input to the cerebellum and are thought to participate in learning and memory of movement |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of cerebellar circuits? |
|
Definition
| Prevents overexcitation of deep cerebellum which prevents overshoot in limbs |
|
|
Term
| what is the path of cerebellar circuit? |
|
Definition
| Cortex to pontine nuclei to contralateral cerebellum to granule cells in cerebellum |
|
|
Term
| what gives rise to parallel fibers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do the parallel fibers go? |
|
Definition
| They ascend to the molecular layer of the cerebellum and form T-shaped dendritic arbors |
|
|
Term
| Where do Granule cells project? |
|
Definition
| they project onto and excite Purkinje cells. |
|
|
Term
| Each Purkinje cell makes connections with what? |
|
Definition
| with thousands of granule cells |
|
|
Term
| Along with granule cells, purkinje cells are also innervated by...? |
|
Definition
| climbing fibers that come from inferior olive |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of the climbing fiber? |
|
Definition
| It modulates the granule cell- purkinje cell synapse |
|
|
Term
| Where do purkinje cells project to? |
|
Definition
| the deep cerebellar nuclei |
|
|
Term
| Why is output of cerebellum wholly inhibitory? |
|
Definition
| because purkinje cells project to the deep cerebellum nuclei and are GABAnergic |
|
|
Term
| Where do deep cerebellar nuclei get excitatory information from? |
|
Definition
| mossy and climbing fibers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
1. gain of reflexes
2. conditioned reflexes (eye blink)
3. motor learning |
|
|
Term
| Parts of Deep cerebellar nuclei |
|
Definition
1. dentate nucleus
2. interposed nucleus
3. fastigial nucleus |
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