Term
| What is the basic structural and functional unit of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cells come in many sizes and shapes. Why? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure surrounds the cell and gives it form and separates it from the external environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What portion of the cell lies between the cell membrane and the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the fluid portion of the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the subcellular structures in the cytoplasm that perform specific functions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What structure within the cell contains the genetic material and acts as the control center for the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two primary components of all the cell membranes? |
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Definition
| Phospholipids and proteins |
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Term
| What are proteins in the cell membrane that are only partially embedded on one side of the membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are proteins embedded in the cell membrane that span the membrane from one side to the other? |
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Definition
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Term
| What term describes the constantly moving and changing characteristic of the cell membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Through what process may objects outside of a cell be ingested or eaten as false feet (Pseudopods) extend around them from the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| Through what process are objects brought into the cell by the cell membrane forming furrows inward? |
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Definition
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Term
| What form of endocytosis is nonspecific? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process of endocytosis is specific to only certain molecules? |
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Definition
| Receptor-Mediated Endocytosis |
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Term
| Through what process are cellular products secreted into the extracellular environment? |
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Definition
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Term
| What cellular organelle is hair-like and beats to move objects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What whip-like organelle propels a sperm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What immobile, hair like structures on some cells increase surface area? |
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Definition
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Term
| What lattice work of microfilaments and microtubules give shape to a cell and allow it to change shape? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are aggregations of stored chemicals within some cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelle functions as the digestive system of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What membrane enclosed organelle contains several specific enzymes that promote oxidative reactions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelle is the power house of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the inner, fluid portion of the mitochondrion? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are shelves of a matochondrion? |
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Definition
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Term
| Other than the nucleus, what organelle contains DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelles are particles that act as protein factories of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What extensive membranous organelle often appears ribbon like within the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What extensive ribbon like organelle is covered with ribosomes? |
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Definition
| Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Term
| What extensive ribbon like organelle lacks ribosomes and has a wide variety of functions such as detoxification or calcium storage? |
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Definition
| Smooth endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| What organelle functions as the packaging system of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What membrane encloses the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are openings in the nuclear membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process involves the synthesis of mRNA and thus the copying of the message on DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process involves the synthesis of protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all of the genes of an individual or species? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are regions of DNA that code for polypeptides? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all the proteins produced by the genome? |
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Definition
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Term
| The DNA within a cell nucleus is combined with protein to form what threadlike material that makes up chromosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the copying of information from DNA to mRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| List the four nitrogenous bases in DNA and note how they pair with one another. |
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Definition
Guanine and Cytosine (G&C)
Adenine and Thymine (A&T) |
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Term
| List the four nitrogenous bases found in DNA and note how they pair with the bases in RNA. |
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Definition
Adenine and Uracil
Guanine and cytosine
thymine and adenine
cytosine and guanine |
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Term
| What type of RNA is formed using DNA as a template? |
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Definition
| Precursor messenger RNA (pre mRNA) |
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Term
| What type of RNA results from editing in the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of RNA functions to bring mRNA and tRNA together? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of RNA carries amino acids to ribosomes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are regions of non coding DNA within a gene |
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Definition
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Term
| What are coding regions of DNA within a gene? |
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Definition
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Term
| The human proteome is over 100,000 proteins. The human genome contains about 25,000 genes. What process is largely responsible for producing so many proteins from so few genes? |
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Definition
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Term
| What process prevents specific RNA molecules from being translated? |
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Definition
| RNA interference or silencing |
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Term
| What two types of RNA may take part in RNA interference? |
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Definition
| Short interfering RNA, micro RNA (siRNA) and (miRNA) |
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Term
| What is the process of forming proteins from mRNA in the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many bases in DNA code for a single amino acid? |
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Definition
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Term
| Three bases on DNA which code for a single amino acid are referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Three bases on mRNA which code for a single amino acid are referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The three bases on tRNA which are complements to three bases on mRNA are referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What proteins help a polypeptide chain fold into its correct tertiary structure as it emerges from a ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
| Because DNA replication involves the formation of one new strand pairing with one original strand, the process is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell cycle has two main parts in which of these is the resting? |
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Definition
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Term
| The cell cycle has two main parts. In which of these is the cell dividing to produce two identical daughter cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what portion of interphase is DNA replicated? |
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Definition
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Term
| What portion of interphase immediately follows mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| In what portion of interphase immediately proceeds mitosis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are genes that contribute to cancer called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are normal genes that can mutate into genes that contribute to cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of genes inhibit the development of cancer? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is death of a portion of tissue differentially affected by local injury(as loss of blood supply corrosion burning or the local lesion of a disease? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is programmed cell death? |
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Definition
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Term
| What division resulting in two identical daughter cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the functions of mitosis? |
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Definition
| Growth, cell replacement and wound healing |
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Term
| What is cell division that results in unique haploid daughter cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where in the body does meiosis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are functions of meiosis? |
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Definition
| Maintain correct number of chromosomes at conception, to produce variation |
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Term
| How is variation produced during meiosis? |
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Definition
| independent assortment of chromosomes, crossing over |
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