Term
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Definition
Cell is the basic structural and functional unit of life.
Continuity of life has a cellular basis |
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Term
| What does the nucleus contain? |
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Definition
| Genetic Material , DNA, RNA. It is the control center of the cells |
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Term
| WHat does the nucleolus do? |
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Definition
| where the ribosomes are being made, and tiny pores allow rna to come out. |
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Term
| how many endoplasmic reticulum are there? |
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Definition
| There are two types , SMOOTH ER and ROUGH ER. Rough ER has a lot of RIBOSOMES which makes a lot proteins. Smooth ER has none, stores Calcium, make lipids |
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Term
| whats the difference between rna and dna? |
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Definition
| dna is double stranded and rna is single stranded. |
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Term
| which cells make a lot of protein? |
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Definition
| Epithelium cells making keratin, blood cells such as hemoglobin and whiteblood cells antiobodies |
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Term
| what does mitochondria do? |
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Definition
| produces ATP, which is the cells energy. ATP is made from the food we eat. The most mitochondria comes from muscles. Mitochondria also comes from only the mother. |
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Term
| what does golgi apparatus do? or golgi body |
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Definition
| its the shipping and recieving department of the cell. protein can be shipped or used in cell |
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Term
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Definition
spherical membranous bags that contain enyzmes and digest bacteria, viruses, toxins.
garbage disposal of the cell. digestive enzymes. Bacteria , viruses, food and organelles and recycle . white blood cells have a lot of lyzosome to fight bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
membranous sacs containing oxidase and catalases
neutralizes free radicals and detoxifies harmful substances. |
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Term
| What is plasma membranes? |
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Definition
it is extent of a cell seperating two of the bodies major fluid departments, the intracellular fluid(in cells) and extra cellular fluid(outside cells)
Plays a dynamic role in cellular activity. |
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Term
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Definition
| Glycocalyx is a glycoprotein area abutting the cell that provides highly specific biological markers by which cells recognize one another |
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Term
| what is the fluid mosaic model? |
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Definition
fluid mosaic model are double bilayer of lipids with imbedded, dispersed proteins
double bilayer is made of phospholipids, cholesterol and glycolipids.
glycolipids are bound with carbhoydrate
phospholipids are hydrophobic and hydrophillic bipoles |
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Term
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Definition
| the cellular material between the plasma membrane and the nucleus, and is the site for most cellular activities. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a double standed helical molecule found in the nucleus of the cell, and it replicates itself, also provides protein synthesis |
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Definition
| DNA, and adamine, thymine, guanine, cytosine |
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Term
| what is a single stranded molecule found in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm of the cell, uses the nitrogenous base uracil instead of thymine |
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Definition
| RNA, three varities, messanger rna , transfer rna, and ribosomal rna. adamine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine |
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Term
| Active transport uses ____ to move solutes across a membrane and requires carrier ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| How many types of active transports are there and describe them. |
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Definition
| 4. one is symport system and another is antiport system. Symport is two substances moved in the same directions whereas antiport is two substances moved in the opposite direction. Primary Active transport is the hydrolysis of atp changing the shape of proteins . secondary active transport uses a pump such ass sodium potassium pump to drive other solutes. |
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Term
| what are the functions of the membrane protein? |
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Definition
| Transporting subtances using no energy or sometimes atp to transport..They have enzymatic activity. They have receptors for signal transduction(may have a binding site to fit a shape of a chemical messanger such as a hormone. Intracellular adhesion may be joined togheter. Cell-cell recognition where glycoproteins (sugars chained with proteins) serve as identification tag. And attachement to cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix that help maintain the membrane proteins shape. |
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Term
| what are the two type of membrane proteins? |
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Definition
| integral and periphal. integrated protein is inserted into the lipid bilayer and are integrated throughout the whole plasma membrane. periphal compared to integral proteins are just attached on the superficial side and can be removed easily. |
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Term
| how does the plasma membrane surface look like? |
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Definition
| differ in the kind of lipids. glycolipids are only found in the outer surface .portion of all lipid is cholestrol. |
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Term
| how many cell membrane junctions are there? |
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Definition
| 3. One is tight junction that is impermable and encircles the cell. it doesnt let subtances get through however there can be certain ions that can get through. Desmosomes are anchoring junctions to adjacent cells that are like velcros to bind togheter and gap junctions that allow ions and substances to flow through |
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Term
| how many types of passive transports are there? |
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Definition
| There is 2, diffusion and filtration |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion is the tendency of ions to move from higher concentration to lower concentration |
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Term
| what is a vesicular transport? |
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Definition
its the transport of large molecules and macromolecules across the plasma membranes.
endocytosis - enables larger particles and macromolecules across plasma membranes and exocytosis moves substances from the cell interior to the extracellular space. |
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