Term
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Definition
| light scope that does not require staining |
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Term
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Definition
| specimens must be killed/vaccum, very powerful (100,000X), examine insides, electron beams |
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Term
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Definition
| lined with metal so electrons don't pass through surface, must be killed/vaccum, allows for powerful 3D images |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell size is limited because of surface area/ease of transporting materials within the cell. Smaller cell= better SA: volume ratio. Organelle membranes increase SA. |
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Term
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Definition
| Smaller. Bacteria, etc. Have no nucleus or double-membrane bound organelles. Have nucleiod region, cell walls, plasma membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| eukaryotes all came from prokaryotes (autotrophs- chloroplasts heterotrophs- mitochondria) that began living together symbiotically. All eukaryotes are made up of organelles that were once prokaryotes. Evidence is that mito and chloro have their own DNA and own ribosomes, suggesting that they were once on their own. |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical activities of cells. Carried out by organelles. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cell wall (cellulose, chitin), chloroplasts, central vacuoles |
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Term
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Definition
| control center, contains DNA and protein (chromatin). Nucleuolus makes ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| ER, golgi bodies, lysosome, vacuoles |
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Term
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Definition
| contain ribosomes. Make more membrane and secretory proteins. |
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Term
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Definition
| make lipids. contain enzymes that break down toxins. contain calcium ions. |
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Term
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Definition
ship and package transport vesicles from ER.
mark proteins to diff destinations
help with lysosomes |
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Term
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Definition
keep juices away from rest of cell
digest food (through food vacuoles)
destroy bacteria and dead organelles. found in animals |
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Term
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Definition
found in plants. absorb/store water to plump cells, can release water to move cell
functions of lysosomes (digestion, etc.) |
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Term
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Definition
made of cellulose, chitin, etc.
provide shape + rigidity. only in plants |
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Term
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Definition
| carry out photosynthesis in stacks of grana and fluid of stroma |
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Term
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Definition
cellular respiration; convert food into usable energy (ATP)
folded cristae increase SA |
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Term
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Definition
| for cell transport. cillia- short and fat, flaggela- long and skinny |
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Term
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Definition
comprised of:
microfilaments. thickest, made of protein actin, help cells move/change shape.
intermediate filaments- anchor org.
microtubules- tubulin, rigity/shape and provide transport network for organelles |
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Term
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Definition
| structures that connect cells |
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Term
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Definition
| plasmodesmata- channels between cells that allow communication, transport of nutrients, water, etc. |
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Term
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Definition
tight junction- binding leak-proof sheets.
anchoring junction- attach cells and allow materials to pass
communicating junction- like plasmodesmata, most open comm. |
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