Term
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Definition
| The theory that all cells are related by their descent from ealrlier cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ratio of an object's image size to its real size. |
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Term
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Definition
| The measure of the clarity of the image. |
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Term
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Definition
| The visible differences in the parts of the sample. |
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Term
| What is the smallest unit of life? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many power magnification can Light Microsopes go up to? |
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Definition
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Term
| What microscope would you use to view organelles? |
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Definition
| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) |
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Term
| What is a scanning electron microsope used to view? |
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Definition
| The surfaces of a specimen. |
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Term
| What is cell fractionation? |
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Definition
| The process of taking cells apart and separating the major organelles from each other. |
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Term
| What does cell fractionation allow biologists to determine? |
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Definition
| The functions of organelles. |
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Term
| What are the 2 types of cells? |
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Definition
| Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic |
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Term
| What Domains of life have Prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
| Domain Archaea and Domain Bacteria |
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Term
| What are 4 basic features of all cells? |
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Definition
Plasma membrane
semifluid substance called cytosol (cytoplasm)
chromosomes
ribosomes |
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Term
| Prokaryotic cells are characterized by ? |
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Definition
No nucleous
DNA in an unbound region called nucleoid
no membrane bound organelles
cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane |
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Term
| Which are larger cells Eukaryotic or Prokaryotic cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the general structure of a biological membrane? |
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Definition
| A double layer of phospholipids. |
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Term
| Do plant and animal cells have most of the same organelles? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of microscope is used to view mitochondria? |
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Definition
| Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) |
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Term
| What provides a barrier between extracellular space and intracellular space? |
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Definition
Cell Membrane
(Also called plasma membrane) |
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Term
| What is another name for cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are all internal organelles suspended in? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is nearly all of the cell's DNA & RNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is called the "brain" of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelle controls cell functions? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What encloses the nucleous, separating it from the cytoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| What regulate the entry and exit of molocules from the nucleous? |
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Definition
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Term
| What maintains the shape of the nucleus? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| How many chromosomes do humans have? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelle is the site of cellular respiration? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is cellular respiration? |
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Definition
| A metabolic process that uses oxygen to generate ATP |
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Term
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Definition
| Convert chemical energy from food (glucose) to ATP energy that cells can use. |
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Term
| Which types of animal cells would you expect to have many mitochondria? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Infoldings of mitochondria |
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Term
| Do mitochondria have their own DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the Endosymbiotic Theory? |
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Definition
| That over time, free-living mitochondrian ancestors were engulfed by cells, and became symbiotes. Eventually evolving to become only engergy producers. |
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Term
| What types of life would you find the organelles of chrolorplasts within? |
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Definition
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Term
| What pigment is contained in Chloroplasts? |
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Definition
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Term
| Do Chloroplasts have their own DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelle is essential for photosynthesis? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of energy do Chrlorplasts capture? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the definition of a cell wall? |
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Definition
| Rigid layer that surrounds a plant/fungi cell membrane. |
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Term
| What is a cell wall made of? |
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Definition
| cellulose embedded in other polysaccharides and protein. |
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Term
| Are plants the only organisms that have cell walls? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kinds of organisms have cell walls? |
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Definition
Plants
fungi
some bacteria
some protists |
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Term
| What are 3 functions of a cell wall? |
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Definition
protects the cell
maintains cell shape
prevents excessive uptake of water |
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Term
| What causes the "rough" in the name rough endoplasmic reticulum? |
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Definition
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Term
| What function does the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum serve? |
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Definition
| Contains enzymes that perform carbohydrate and lipid sysnthesis |
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum synthesizes lipids? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolizes carbohydrates? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum detoxifies drugs and poison? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum stores Ca+ Ions? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum is important for nerve responses? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum secretes glycoproteins? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum distrubutes transport vesicles? |
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Definition
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Term
| What part of the Endoplasmic Reticulum is a membrane factor for the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Golgi apparatus consist of? |
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Definition
| flattened membranous sacs called cisternae |
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Term
| What organelle modifies, packages & sorts materials and delivers them to different parts of the cell & out of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What organelle releases materials outside of the cell? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the Cis Face of the Golgi Apparatus do? |
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Definition
| Receives vesicles from the Endoplasmic reticulum. |
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Term
| What are ribosomes made from? |
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Definition
| ribosomal RNA and protein |
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Term
| Where can ribosomes reside? |
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Definition
Free ribosomes in the cytoplasm and
bound ribosomes in the Endoplasmic reticulum |
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Term
| What do ribosomes manufacture? |
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Definition
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Term
| The eukaryotic cell's genetic instructions are housed in the nucleus and carried out by the what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do lysosomes contain? |
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Definition
| enzymes needed for intracellular digestion |
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Term
| What is the function of lysosomes? |
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Definition
| digest excess or worn out organelles, food and bacteria |
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Term
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Definition
| One cell engulfing another cell, forming a food vacuole. |
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Term
| How does a lysosome digest food? |
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Definition
| It fuses with a food vacuole and releases enzymes to digest the molocules. |
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Term
| What does a peroxisome do? |
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Definition
Removes hydrogen atoms from various substrates and transfers them to oxygen.
Produces H2O2 as a byproduct and converts to water. |
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Term
| What do cilia and flagella do? |
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Definition
| assist in locomotion of the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| storage areas for the cell |
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Term
| What are 3 kinds of vacuoles? |
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Definition
| Food, contractile and central |
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Term
| What is the function of contractile vacuoles? |
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Definition
| to "pump" excess water out of the cell |
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Term
| What is the function of the central vacuole in plants? |
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Definition
| Storehouse for water and organic compounds |
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Term
| What is the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
| a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm |
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Term
| What are the 3 types of molecular structures that make up the cytoskeleton? |
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Definition
microtubules
microfilaments
Intermediate filaments |
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Term
| How does the cytoskeleton help produce motility? |
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Definition
| It intereacts with motor proteins |
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Term
| How do vesicles travel inside a cell? |
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Definition
| along "monorails" provided by the cytoskeleton |
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Term
| What makes up microtubules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up microfilaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What makes up Intermediate filaments? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the diameter of microtubules? |
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Definition
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Term
| What componenet of the cytoskeleton control the beating of cilia and flagella? |
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Definition
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Term
| What motor protein drives the bending movements of a cilium? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solid rods about 7 nm in diameter, built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits |
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Term
| Microfilaments that function in cellular motility contain what protein? |
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Definition
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Term
| How are actin filaments arranged in muscle cells? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| cellular extensions (think amoeba eating) |
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Term
| What is cytoplasmic streaming? |
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Definition
| a circular flow of cytoplsm within cells |
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Term
| What is the size of intermediate filaments? |
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Definition
8-12 nm
larger than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules |
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Term
| What is the function of intermediate filaments? |
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Definition
| support cell shape and fix organelles in place |
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