Term
| For which processes are ATP molecules necessary? |
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Definition
1. Mechanical work
2. Transport work
3. Chemical work/synthesis |
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Term
| What are the three different steps for generation of ATP from a molecule of glucose? |
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Definition
1. Glycolysis
2. Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
3. Electron Transport Chain |
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Term
Which of the following processes are aerobic and which are anaerobic?
Glycolysis
Kreb's Cycle (Citric Acid Cycle)
Electron Transport Chain |
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Definition
1. Glycolysis - anaerobic
2. Kreb's Cycle - anaerobic.
3. Electron Transport Chain - aerobic |
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Term
| Besides the immediate source of ATP, how does glycolysis contribute to the generation of more ATP molecules? |
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Definition
| Glycolysis produces two (2) NADHs, which are later used to shuttle electrons and hydronium ions to the Electron Transport Chain for the production of nearly 34 ATP molecules. |
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Term
| How many net ATP molecules are generated for each step of the generation of ATP? |
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Definition
Glycolysis - 2
Linking Step - 0
Kreb's Cycle - 2
Electron Transport Chain - 32/34 |
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Term
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Definition
Fermentation (as it applies to human physiology) is the conversion of pyruvate to lactic acid in an anaerobic environment.
In summary, it is the anaerobic metabolic breakdown of nutrient molecules. |
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Term
| What is the function of the Cori Cycle? |
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Definition
| The Cori Cycle allows for non-carbohydrate organic substances (such as lactic acid) to be produced into glucose. |
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Term
| Why is the generation of Acetyl CoA important? |
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Definition
| The production of Acetyl CoA is important because it is a common substrate for energy and other metabolic pathways. |
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Term
| Besides an intermediary source for the generatiuon of ATP, what is the major contribution that the Kreb's Cycle contributes to the generation of more ATP? |
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Definition
| The Kreb's Cycle contributes to the Electron Transport Chain six (6) NADH and two (2) FADH2, which shuttle electrons and hydronium ions for oxidative phosphorylation. |
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Term
| Why is the Electron Transport Chain so important for the generation of ATP? |
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Definition
The Electron Transport Chain is so important because it generates the majority of ATP for cells.
The Electron Transport Chain produces nearly 19 times more ATP molecules than Glycolysis or the Kreb's Cycle. |
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Term
| What is the protein complex that helps pump cations (H+) back into the inner membrane of the mitochondria? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is oxidative phosphorylation? |
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Definition
| Oxidative phosphorylation is a metabolic pathway that uses energy released by the oxidation of nutrients to produce ATP. |
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Term
| What other molecules besides glucose can be used for ATP production? |
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Definition
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