Term
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Definition
| A molecule consisting of two or more AMINO ACIDS. These molecules create bonds in proteins that are between carbon and nitrogen atoms. |
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Term
| Difference between cellulose and starch |
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Definition
| Most importantly, there are different types of chemical bonds between the MONOMERS. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water flows TOWARDS low water concentration. |
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Term
| Gorter and Grendel contribution to science |
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Definition
| Showed the presence of lipid bilayers in membranes. |
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Term
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Definition
| This theory essentially states that prokaryotes are present in eukaryotes. An example is the presence of mitochondria in eukaryotes: they have the characteristics of bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Water loving." Includes molecules such as sugars and amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Water fearing." Insoluble in water. |
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Term
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Definition
| A weak attractive force that occurs when two molecules with transitory dipoles (charges) are very close to one another and are oriented in the proper manner. Biological molecules such as antibodies and proteins on a virus can exhibit this type of force. |
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Term
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Definition
| A molecule capable of releasing a hydrogen ion. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any molecule capable of accepting a proton. |
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Term
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Definition
| Molecules which form the structure and carry out the activities of cells. These include proteins, nucleic acids, polysaccharides, and some lipids. |
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Term
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Definition
| These are metabolic intermediates. They are compounds formed "along the pathways leading to end products:" products such as amino acids. These might have no function. |
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Term
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Definition
| Also referred to as glycans. They include simple sugars and all larger molecules constructed of sugar building blocks. They function as stores of chemical energies and as building materials for further biological construction. |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonpolar biological molecules which dissolve in organic solvents and water. Important types include fats and steroids. |
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Term
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Definition
| A colorless flammable liquid used as a solvent. |
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Term
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Definition
| This term means "Red Blood Cell." |
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Term
| Types of Macromolecules in Cells |
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Definition
| Lipids, proteins, DNA, RNA, carbohydrates |
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Term
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Definition
| 10^-6 meters. Red blood cells are 8 of these. |
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Term
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Definition
| 10^-9 meters. Equals 10 Angstroms. |
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Term
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Definition
| 10^-12 meters. A length which is used to describe atoms. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Within the living." Involves using a whole, living organism, such as in animal testing. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Within glass." This term describes experimentation on a part of an organism, usually within a test tube or petri dish. |
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Term
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Definition
| "Dual natured." One end is polar and the other is nonpolar. |
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Term
| What bonds do DNA and Proteins have? |
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Definition
| Mainly hydrogen and ionic bonds, but there can be others as well (along with hydrophobic aggregations) |
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Term
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Definition
| Aqueous, hydrophilic, and water soluble. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| This means DEPOLYMERIZATION with H2O. |
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Term
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Definition
| Metabolic sugar polymers. They differ in their bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| Structural sugar polymer found in cell walls of plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| This means that it is unbound. |
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Term
| How are amino acids bound in a protein? |
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Definition
| They are covalently attached by peptide bonds between neighboring amino and carboxyl groups. |
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Term
| What is the charge of a protein dependent on? |
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Definition
| It is dependent on its pH. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a protein which is a linear polymerization of amino acids. |
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Term
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Definition
| The shape of a linear polymer of amino acids, which is then folded in to this term. Essentially means the organism's 3D shape. |
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Term
| Why is pH important in a protein? |
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Definition
| Amino acid side chains can have different charges at different pH due to ionization by deprotonation. |
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Term
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Definition
| An amino acid side chain consisting of only one hydrogen atom. Can fit in to either a hydrophobic or hydrophilic environment. Often resides at sites where two polypeptides come in contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| An amino acid side chain which has polar, uncharged character while having the unique property of forming a covalent bond with other like side chains to form a disulfide link. Causes curly hair. |
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Term
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Definition
| An amino acid side chain that has hydrophobic character, while having the unique property of making kinks in polypeptide chains and disrupting ordered secondary structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is a fatty acid with NO double bonds. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fatty acid with at least one double bond. |
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Term
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Definition
| This term means "fat": contains 3 fatty acids bonded together in to a large molecule. |
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Term
| What parts do a phospholipid contain? |
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Definition
| A polar head group, a glycerol backbone, and fatty acid chains. |
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