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| point directly above observer’s head |
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| line from north horizon point through the zenith to south horizon point |
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| number of degrees above horizon |
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| degrees east of north around the horizon |
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| around the pole stars, never set |
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| spend some time below and above horizon |
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| never rise above the horizon |
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| sun’s path through the stars |
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| being tilted relative to the celestial equator by 23.5 degrees |
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| point on C.S. furthest from the Celestial Equator towards NCP (June 20-21), sun shines directly over Tropic of Cancer |
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| point on C.S. furthest from Celestial Equator towards SCP (December 20-21), sun shines directly on Tropic of Capricorn |
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| point where ecliptic crosses C. Eq, sun going from south to north (March 20th) |
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| point where ecliptic crosses C. Eq., sun going from north to south (September 21) |
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| when the sun is in the same part of the sky as star, its brightness overwhelms mere stars |
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| constellations that lie along the ecliptic |
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1. Days in the summer longer, shorter in the winter, hence, more time for the sun to heat the earth during the summer
2. In the summer, the sun is higher in the sky-sun light is more direct in the summer than in the winter |
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| time for moon to pass through one complete set of phases-about 29.5 days |
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| time for the moon to return to the same place among the stars about 27.3 days |
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| (lighter)-part of the shadow where some light enters |
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| (darker)-part of the shadow where no light enters |
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| -moon is in the shadow of Earth (only occurs at full moon) --everyone on night-side of Earth can see a lunar eclipse |
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| moon passes only through Earth’s penumbra |
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| Moon passes through Earth’s umbra |
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| moon is never completely within umbra |
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| occurs at New Moon, when the moon’s shadow crosses the surface of the Earth (only visible to people within the path of the moon’s shadow) |
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| when the moon eclipses the sun at its point farthest away from Earth. |
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