Term
| How long is the external auditory canal in a normal adult? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is the tympanic membrane concave? |
|
Definition
| It is being pulled in by the malleus |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for the triangular light reflex seen on the tympanic membrane? |
|
Definition
| Oblique position to the auditory canal and conical shape |
|
|
Term
| Which part of the tympanic membrane is tense? Flaccid? |
|
Definition
Most of the tympanic membraneis tense ( Pars tensa)
Superior portion is more flaccid ( Pars flaccida) |
|
|
Term
| Name the coiled structure containing the organ of corti |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 2 structures respond to changes in direction of movement and send signals to the cerebellum for the maintenance of balance? |
|
Definition
| equilibrium receptors in the semicircular canals and vestibule of the inner ear |
|
|
Term
| Where is the sound transmitted to after the stapes? |
|
Definition
oval window
then via the endolymph fluid of the cochlea to the round window where they dissipates |
|
|
Term
| HOw is vibrations converted to electrical impulses down CN 8 |
|
Definition
| Vibrations in the membrane cause the delicate hair cells of the organ of corti to strike against the membane of corti, sitmulating impulses in the sensory endings of the auditory division of CN 8 |
|
|
Term
| Name the posterior opening leading to the nasopharynx |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What houses the sensory ending of hte olfacotry nerve, and lies on the roof of the nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ____________ is a convergence of small fragile arteries and veins located superficially on the anterior superior portion of the septum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| on which wall of the nasopharynx do the adenoids lie? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What forms the lateral wall of the nose? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the meatus it drains into
Nasolacrimal -->
Paranasal sinus -->
Posterior ethmoid sinus--> |
|
Definition
Nasolacrimal -> inferior meatus
Paranasal -> medial meatus
Posterior ethmoid -> superior |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 sinsus are accessible to examination? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the sinus located posterior to the frontal sinus and near teh superior portion of the nasal cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the sinus behind the ethmoid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ ducts are outlets of the partoid gland that open on the buccal mucosa opposite the _____ on each side of teh upper jaw |
|
Definition
| Stensen ducts are outlets of the partoid gland that open on the buccal mucosa opposite the 2nd molar on each side of teh upper jaw |
|
|
Term
| ______ ducts, outlets of the submandibular glands, open on each side of the _______under the tongue |
|
Definition
| Wharton ducts, outlets of the submandibular glands, open on each side of the frenulum under the tongue |
|
|
Term
| _____ is a Fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane, and attached directly to the alveolar surface |
|
Definition
| Gingivae is a Fibrous tissue covered by mucous membrane, and attached directly to the alveolar surface |
|
|
Term
In adult's each jaw there is
Incisors:
Canines:
Premorlars:
Molars:
|
|
Definition
Incisors:4
Canines:2
Premorlars: 4
Molars: 6
|
|
|
Term
| What structure seperates the oropharnyx from the mouth? |
|
Definition
| anterior and posterior tonsillar pillars |
|
|
Term
| Which 2 sinus are present at birth? |
|
Definition
| maxillary and ethmoid sinus |
|
|
Term
| which 2 sinus develop at 3 years of age? When do they fully develop? |
|
Definition
Frontal and Spenoid
Adolescence |
|
|
Term
| When does salivation increase in an infant? When do they stop drooling? |
|
Definition
3 months,
stops when it learns to swallow it |
|
|
Term
| when does the tooth erupt in an infant? why does it erupt? |
|
Definition
| 6 and 24 months, when it has sufficient calcification to withstand chewing |
|
|
Term
| When does permanent teeth start forming in the jaw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When do the permanent teeth erupt? |
|
Definition
Starts at 6 years, ends at 14~15
"white" children's 3rd molars erupt at age 18 |
|
|
Term
| Elevated levels of _____ caues increased vascularity of the upper respiratory tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| During pregnancy, hoarseness, deepening or cracking of the voice, vocal changes, or persistent cought may occur due to___________ changes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Degeneration of hair cells in the organ of corti leads to what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sensorineural hearing loss first occurs with ____ then ______ |
|
Definition
| Sensorineural hearing loss first occurs with high frequency sounds then lower frequency |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for secreting endolymph and promotes sensitization fo hair cells in the cochlea? |
|
Definition
| stria vacularis, a network of capillaries |
|
|
Term
| Sense of smell begins to deteriorate at age ____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Taste begins to deteriorate at age ___ due to decrease in the number of ______ on the tongue and decreased ____ which reduces the preception of sweet sensations
|
|
Definition
Taste begins to deteriorate at age 50 due to decrease in the number
of papillae on the tongue and decreased salivary gland secretion which reduces the preception
of sweet sensations
|
|
|
Term
| Formation of what continues even in old age? |
|
Definition
| Cartilage formation, (ear and nose) |
|
|
Term
| Thickening along the upper ridge of the helix, an expected variation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Sinus found in front of the ear where the upper auricle originates |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Vasomotor instability will cause _____ or ______ redness in the auricle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| _____ is the result of blunt trauma and necrosis of underlying cartilage |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Tophi, small, hwitish uric acid crystals along the peripheral margins of the auricles may indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Elevation in the sking with a punctum indicating a blocked sebaceous gland |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Cerumen the smells
mousy indicates_____
putrid indicates______ |
|
Definition
mousy indicates proteus infection
putrid indicates pseudomonas infection |
|
|
Term
| What depth should you insert the speculum into the ear canal? |
|
Definition
| 1.0 or 1.5 cm ( 1/2 inch) |
|
|
Term
| Name the landmarks visible in a ear |
|
Definition
| umbo, handle of malleus, and light reflex |
|
|
Term
| What color is the tympanic membrane normally? Its contour? |
|
Definition
translucent, pearly gray color
concavity at the umbo |
|
|
Term
| What is the best way to clean out the ear canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In a whispered voice test, how far should you be from the patient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
bulging with no mobility |
|
Definition
| pus or fluid in middle ear |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
retracted with no mobility |
|
Definition
| obstuction of eustachian tube with or without effusion |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
mobility with negative pressure only |
|
Definition
| obstuction of eustachian tube with or without effusion |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
excess mobility in small areas |
|
Definition
| healed perforation, atrophic tympanic membrane |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
amber or yellow |
|
Definition
| serous fluid in middle ear |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
blue or deep red |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
chalky white |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
Redness |
|
Definition
| infection in middle ear; prolonged crying |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
Dullness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
White flecks, dense white plaque |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a weber test, what ear will it lateralize to? |
|
Definition
| Ear occluded by the patient, deaf ear unless sensorineural loss, or to better ear unles conductive loss |
|
|
Term
| IN rinne test, what is the air bone conduction ratio? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does Conductive hearing loss results? |
|
Definition
| sound transmission is imparied through the external or middle ear |
|
|
Term
| What does sensorineural hearing loss result from? |
|
Definition
| defect in the inner ear that leads to distorition of sound and misinterpretation of speech |
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
bilateral watery discharge, associated with sneezing and nasal congestion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the associated condition:
a unilateral watery discharge occuring after head trauma may be cerebrospinal fluid |
|
Definition
| Indicate a fracture of the cribiorm plate |
|
|
Term
name the cause of this condition:
bloody discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
name the associated condition:
mucoid discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
name the cause of this condition:
bilateral purulent discharge |
|
Definition
| upper respiratroy infection |
|
|
Term
name the cause of this condition:
unilateral, purulent, thick, greenish, and extremely malodorous discharge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Fractured nasal bone can cause |
|
Definition
| depression of the nasal bridge |
|
|
Term
| Nasal flaring is associated with |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Narrowing of the nares on inspiration may be indicative of |
|
Definition
| chronic nasal obstruction and mouth breathing |
|
|
Term
| What does a transverse crease at the junction between the cartiglage and bone of the nose indicate? |
|
Definition
| chronic nasal itching and allergies |
|
|
Term
| Which turbinates will be visible during examination? |
|
Definition
| inferior and middle turbinate |
|
|
Term
| Nasal mucosa should appear what color? |
|
Definition
| deep pink *pinker then buccal mucosa |
|
|
Term
| Increased redness in the nasal mucosal may indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localized redness and sweling in the vestibule may indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color will the turbinates of someone with allergies be? |
|
Definition
| bluish gray or pale pink with a swollen boggy consistency |
|
|
Term
| Nasal septum should be thicker where? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are lip pits, slight dimpling to 4mm deep sometimes found? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Pallor of the lips are commonly associated with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| circumoral pallor is associated with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lips that are cherry red indicates what? |
|
Definition
| acidosis and carbon monoxide poisoning |
|
|
Term
| What will you find with peutz jehers syndrome? |
|
Definition
| round, oval or irregular bluish gray macules of various intesnity on the lips and buccal mucosa |
|
|
Term
Name the class:
Molars have customary relationship, but the line of occlusion is incorrect because of malpositioned teeth from rotation or others causes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the Class:
Lower molars are distally positioned in relation to the upper molars; the line of occlusion may or may not be correct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
name the class:
lower molars are medially positioned in relation to the upper molars; the line of occlusion may or may not be correct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the amount of overlap of the maxillary incisors over the mandibular incisors |
|
|
Term
| When does the open bite occur? |
|
Definition
| when the incisors do not overlap each other at all, resulting in an open space between the incisors when the molars meet |
|
|
Term
| WHat is it called when the maxillar anterior teeth are behind the mandibulare anterior teeth, or the maxillary posterior teeth are lingual to their typical positoin or lateral to the mandibular posterior teeth? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What color should the stenson duct be? |
|
Definition
| whitish yellow or whiteish pink protrusion |
|
|
Term
What are ectopic sebaceous glands that appear on the buccal mucosa and lips as numerous small, yellow white, raised lesion called?
are they an expected variant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does a deeply pigmented buccal mucosa indicate? |
|
Definition
| endocrine pathologic condition |
|
|
Term
| Poor teeth alignment will cause what to the buccal mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red spots ont eh buccal mucosa at the opening of the stensen duct is associated with what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| HOw does aphothous ulcers on the buccal mucosa appear? |
|
Definition
| white, round or oval ulcerative lesions with a red halo |
|
|
Term
| A thickened white patch lesion that cannot be wiped away may be what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Localized gingival enlargement or granuloma , suually an inflammartory rather then neoplastic chagge |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Enlargement of the gums occurs with? |
|
Definition
| pregnanacy, puberty, phenytoin (dilantin) therapy, leukemia |
|
|
Term
| Blue-black line about 1 mm from the gum margin may indicate ______ |
|
Definition
| chronic lead or bismuth poisoning |
|
|
Term
| In a hypoglossal nerve damage, which side does the tongue point to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Superficial denuded circles or irregular areas esposing teh tips of paillae, and expected variant is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Niacin or vit B12 deficiency will cause the tongue to appear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Antibiotic therapy may cause what tongue condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which ducts appear on each side of the frenulum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the lesion:
White, irregular lesion on lateral side of tongue or buccal mucosa; may have prominent fold or "hairy" projections |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| red, unilateral or bilateral fissures are corners of mouth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| creamy white plauqe on oral mucosa that bleed when scraped |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recurrent vesicular crusting lesion on the vermilion border of the lip |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| vesicular and ulcerative oral lesion in the distribution of the trigeminal nerve; may also be on gingiva |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| single or multiple sessile or pedunculated noduels in the oral cavity |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| recurrent circumscribed ulcer with an erythematous margin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in a mouth whith little plaue or calculus, gingivitis with bone and osft tissue degeneration accompanied by severe pain |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| in the mouth, incompletely formed blood vessels proliferate forming lesions of various shades and size as blood extravasates in response to malignant tumor of the epithelium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Failure of the soft palate to rise bilaterally indicate which cranial nerve damage? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| uvulate will deviate to which side? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which test screens for equilibrium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| if a patient tests positive on the romberg test, the patient is referred to the specialist for what test? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do you perform the nylan barany test? |
|
Definition
patient supine
head hyperextended about 45 degress over the end of hte examining table
head is turned
observed for nystagmus |
|
|
Term
| Preauricular skin tag or pit issometimes found just anterior to the tragus, and is indicative of which remnant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What position is the tympanic membrane in a newborn until 1 month? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| T/F infants are obligatory nose breathers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| posterior nasal opening is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| plaques or crusts on the upper lip of a newborn indicates what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| macroglossia is associated with what condition? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Small, whitish yellow masses at the junction between the hard and soft palate, commonly found and disappears within a few weeks after birth |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| crying can cause the tympanic membrane to be |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When can the weber and rinne test be used? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| adenoidal or allergic salute seen in the nose of children is |
|
Definition
| transverse crease at the junction of the cartilage and bone |
|
|
Term
| flattened edges on the teeth may indicate |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| teeth with a black or gray color may indicate |
|
Definition
pulp decay
oral iron therapy |
|
|
Term
| Use of ttracycline in children results in |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Chalky white lines or speckles on the cutting edges of permanent incisors may result from excessive_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what occurs with rubeola in a child with fever, coryza, and cough? |
|
Definition
| koplike spots, on the buccal mucosa opposite the 1st and 2nd molars |
|
|
Term
Describe each grade for tonsils:
Grade 1
Grade 2
Grade 3
Grade 4 |
|
Definition
Grade 1: visible
Grade 2 : halfway between tonsilar pillars and the uvula
Grade 3 : nearly touching the uvular
Grade 4: touching each other |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| sensorineural hearing deterioration with advancing age |
|
|
Term
| infection of the auditory canal resulting when trauma or a moist enviornement favors bacterial or fungal growth |
|
Definition
| otitis externa: swimmers ear |
|
|
Term
| bulging of the tympanic membrane, limited or absent mobility of the tympanic membrane, air fluid level behind the tympanic membrane and otorrhea all indicate what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what type of hearing loss usually results with middle ear effusion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes middle ear effusion? |
|
Definition
| obstucted or dysfunctional eustachina tube, allergies, and enlarged lymphoid tissue in the nasopharynx |
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this initial symptom
Itching in ear canal: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this initial symptom
abrupt onset, fever, feeling of blockage, anorexia, irritablity, dizziness, vomiting and diarrhea |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this initial symptom
sticking or crackling sound on yawning or swallowing; no signs of acute infection |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this pain
intense with movement of pinna, chewing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this pain
deep seated earache that interferes with activity or sleep, pulling at ear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this pain
discomfort, feeling of fullness |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this discharge
watery, then purulent and thick, mixed with pus and epithelial cells, musty, foul smelling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this discharge
only if tympanic membrane ruptures, or through tympanosotomy tubes; foul smelling |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this hearing loss
conductive loss caused by exudtae and swelling of ear canal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this hearing loss
conductive loss as middle ear fills with pus |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this hearing loss
conductive loss as middle ear fills with fluid |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this inspection
canal is red, edematous, tympanic membrane obscured |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this inspection
tympanic membrane with distinct erythema thickened or clouding; bulging, limited or absent movement to positive or negative pressure, air fluid level and or bubbles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Name the symptom associated with this inspection
tympanic membrane retracted or bulging, impaired mobility, yellowish, air fluid level and or bubbles |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| epithelial growth that migrates through a perforation in the tympanic membrane often result in ______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In choesteatoma, what is observed? |
|
Definition
| white shiny greasy fleck of debris in the posterior superior section of the middle ear through the tympanic membrane or through a perforation |
|
|
Term
| name the symtoms of choesteatoma |
|
Definition
| progressive hearing loss, fullness in the ear, tinnitus, and mild vertigo |
|
|
Term
| irregular ossification occurs within the bony labyrinth or otic capsule, resulting in fixation of the stapes is called |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the symptoms of otoscleroris |
|
Definition
| tinnitus and slowly progressive low to medium pitch conductive hearing loss, usually noticed between late teens and 30 years |
|
|
Term
| What disease affects the vestibular labyrinth, leading to profound sensorineural hearing loss? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the symptoms of meniere disease |
|
Definition
| abrupt and recurrent attacks of severe vertigo, tinnitus, and progressive hearing loss, initially of low tones |
|
|
Term
| Labyrinthitis is a complication of |
|
Definition
| acute upper respiratory viral or bacterial infection |
|
|
Term
| Name the symptoms of labyrinthitis |
|
Definition
| severe vertigo, which are associated with nystagmus and which are increased in severity with head movement, may last for several days. |
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 predictor of sinusitis |
|
Definition
1. Maxillary toothache
2. purulent nasal secretions
3. dull or opaque sinus trans illumination
4. poor response to decongestants
5. colored nasal discharge |
|
|
Term
| Xerostomia is a dry mouth caused by what? |
|
Definition
| ingestion of anti cholinergic or antidepressant drugs |
|
|
