Term
| The major accessible artery of the face |
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Definition
temporal artery
passes just anterior to the ear, over the temporal muscle and onto the forehead |
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Term
| horizontal mobility is greatest between which cervical vertebrae? |
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Definition
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Term
| name the borders of the anterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| SCM muscle, mandible and midline |
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Term
| name the borders of the posterior triangle of the neck |
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Definition
| trapezius, SCM, and the clavicle |
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Term
| which two vessels run along the medial margin of the SCM? |
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Definition
| common carotid artery and the internal jugular vein |
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Term
| what is the largest endocrine gland in the body? |
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Definition
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Term
| where is the pyramidal lobe located and what percentage of the population has it? |
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Definition
| extends upward from the isthmus of the thyroid gland and is found in 1/3 of the population (33.3%) |
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Term
| when does ossification of the sutures begin and end? |
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Definition
| begins after completion of brain growth, at age 6 and finishes in adulthood (usually around 30 y) |
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Term
| When do the fontanels of the head ossify? distinguish posterior and anterior fontanels. |
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Definition
posterior = 2 months
anterior = 24 months |
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Term
| A horizontal jerking or bobbing motion of the head may be associated with what disorder? |
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Definition
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Term
| A nodding movement of the head my be associated with what disease? |
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Definition
| aortic insufficiency (especially if nodding is synchronized with pulse). |
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Term
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Definition
| an expression or appearance of the face and features of the head and neck that when considered together are characteristic of a clinical condition or syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| rounded or "moon-shaped" face with thin, erythematous skin and buffalo hump |
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Term
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Definition
sunken appearance to the eyes, cheeks and temporal areas
sharp nose, dry rough skin
seen in pts who are terminally ill |
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Term
|
Definition
seen in systemic lupus erythematosis
butterfly-shaped rash over malar surfaces and bridge of nose; blush with swelling or scaly, red, maculopapular lesions may be present |
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Term
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Definition
| dull, puffy, yellowed skin; coarse, sparse hair and temporal loss of eyebrows, periorbital edema and prominent tongue |
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Term
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Definition
| fine, moist skin with fine hair, prominent eyes and lid retraction, and starting or startled expression |
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Term
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Definition
left facial palsy of CN VII
asymmetry of one side of the face, eyelid not closing completely, drooping lower eyelid and corner of mouth |
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Term
|
Definition
| coarsening of features with broadening of the nasal alae and prominence of the zygomatic arches |
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Term
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Definition
| depressed nasal bridge, epicanthal folds, mongoloid slang of eyes, low-set ears, and large tongue |
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Term
| Pierre-Robin sequence facies |
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Definition
| micrognathia (undersized jaw), glossoptosis (downward or backward placement of the jaw), and palatal clefting, and small retruded mandible |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged skull with low forehead, corneal clouding, and short neck |
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Term
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Definition
| enlarged head, thinning of the scalp with dilated scalp veins, and bossing of the skull; "sun-setting sign" (sclera visible above the iris) |
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Term
| Fetal Alcohol Syndrome facies |
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Definition
| poorly formed philtrum, widespread eye with inner epicanthal folds and mild ptosis, short nose and relatively thin upper lip |
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Term
|
Definition
| severe maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia |
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Term
| Treacher-Collins syndrome facies |
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Definition
| maxillary hypoplasia, micrognathia and auricular deformity |
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Term
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Definition
| severe maxillary and midfacial hypoplasia with low set eyes |
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Term
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Definition
spasmodic muscular contractions of the face, head or neck
a feature of Tourette syndrome or possible psychogenic origin |
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Term
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Definition
fungal infection of the scalp
common cause of hair loos in children |
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Term
| coarse, dry, and brittle hair may be associated with _____________. |
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Definition
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Term
| fine, silky hair is associated with _________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Temporal arteritis is seen most commonly in which age group |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
hyperactive masseteric reflex when percussion of the masseter muscle is performed
seen in hypercalcemia |
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Term
| What does a rare bruit or blowing sound over the orbit suggest? |
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Definition
| expanding cerebral aneurysm |
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Term
| A bruit on the head is highly suggestive of what anomaly? |
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Definition
vascular anomaly
can be associated with temporal arteritis |
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Term
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Definition
abnormal pulsation of the trachea when palpating the thyroid cartilage
sign of dilation or aneurysm of the aortic arch |
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Term
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Definition
| elicited by gently grasping the cricoid cartilage and apply upward pressure while the pt stands with his or her chin extended upward. A downward tug may be felt if an aneurysm is present. |
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Term
| Turner's syndrome facies/features |
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Definition
webbing, excessive posterior cervical skin, or unusually short neck
**may also be associated with other chromosomal abnormalities |
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Term
| features associated with meningeal irritation |
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Definition
| nuchal rigidity and resistance to flexion of the neck |
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Term
| how should a normal thyroid gland feel on palpation? |
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Definition
small, smooth and free of nodules, firm but pliable
should rise freely with swallowing
broadest dimension is approx 4 cm
right lobe is often 25% larger than the left |
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Term
| A coarse or gritty sensation when palpating the thyroid is characteristic of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| an enlarged, tender thyroid may indicate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| When will a vascular bruit be heard over the thyroid and why? |
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Definition
| in hypermetabolic states because vascular supply to the thyroid is increased |
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Term
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Definition
subcutaneous edema over the presenting part of the head at delivery (caused by birth trauma)
usually occurs over the occiput and crosses suture lines |
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Term
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Definition
subperiosteal collection of blood that is bound by the suture lines
commonly found in the parietal region and may not be immediately obvious at birth (unlike caput succedaneum) |
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Term
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Definition
long, narrow heads
seen in preterm infants because their soft cranial bones become flattened with positioning and the weight of the head |
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Term
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Definition
flattened spot on the back or side of the head
can result from premature fusion of one of the sutures or from external deformation (positional plagiocephaly) |
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Term
|
Definition
| premature fusion of one of the sutures |
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Term
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Definition
bulging of the skull
of the frontal areas = associated with prematurity, thalassemia and rickets
of other areas = may indicated cranial defects or intracranial masses |
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Term
| A cystic mass high in the neck in infants may be ________ or a ____________ |
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Definition
| thyroglossal duct cyst or a branchial cleft cyst |
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Term
| A mass over the clavicle, changing in size with crying or respiration suggests ________________ |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
between the anterior and posterior fontanels
may be an expected finding but is also common in infants with Down's syndrome |
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Term
| in infants younger than 6 months, the anterior fontanel diameter should not exceed ______ |
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Definition
4-5 cm
and should get progressively smaller beyond |
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Term
| bulging fontanels with marked pulsations may indicate _________ |
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Definition
| increased intracranial pressure OR meningitis |
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Term
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Definition
"skull wasting"; a softening of the outer table of hte skull
detected with a snapping sensation
may be associated with prematurity, rickets, hydrocephalus, marasmus (protein-energy malnutrition), syphilis or thalassemia |
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Term
| A mass in the lower 1/3 of the SCM may indicated what in infancts? |
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Definition
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Term
| When tranilluminating an infant's head, a ring of _______ beyond the rim of the light is expected, except in the ________ when it should be _____ |
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Definition
2 cm or less
occiput = 1 cm or less
**illumination beyond these parameters suggests excess fluid or decreased brain tissue |
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Term
|
Definition
| percussion of the skull with one finger to detect hydrocephalus or brain abscesses |
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Term
| cranial bruits are common in __________ |
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Definition
| children up to 5 years of age or in children with anemia |
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Term
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Definition
"mask of pregnancy"
hyperpigmentation of the face, particularly over the malar prominences and the forehead (fades after delivery) |
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Term
| Which type of headache has an age of onset in childhood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache has an age of onset during older adulthood? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache is holocranial or diffuse in location? |
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Definition
| medication rebound headache |
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Term
| Which type of headache is bilateral or occipital? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache has rapidly increased frequency that awakens the pt from sleep? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache has a typical time of onset at night? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache can occur at anytime (no particular time of onset)? |
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Definition
temporal arteritis
OR muscular tension (but commonly in afternoon or evening) |
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Term
| Which type of headache has a pulsating or throbbing pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache has a dull or throbbing pain? |
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Definition
| medication rebound headache |
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Term
| Which type of headache has an intense burning, boring, searing, knife-like pain? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache has just a typical throbbing pain? |
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Definition
| hypertensive headache and temporal arteritis |
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Term
| Which type of headache has a bandlike, constricting pain? |
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Definition
| muscular tension headache |
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Term
| Which type of headache has predromal aura? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache has a predromal personality change or sleep disturbances? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache is aggravated by coughing or bending forward? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache is precipitated by menstrual period, missing meals, birth control pills or letdown after stress? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache is precipitated by alcohol consumption? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache by stress, anger or bruxism? |
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Definition
| muscular tension headaches |
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Term
| Which type of headache develops in temporal relation to the neoplasm? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache usually lasts twice a week? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache gradually increases in headache frequency daily? |
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Definition
| medication rebound headache |
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Term
| Which type of headache occurs several times nightly for several nights and then none for awhile? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which types of headache occur daily? |
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Definition
| temporal arteritis, hypertensive, and muscular tension headaches |
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Term
| Which type of headache are progressive in frequency? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache have a predilection for females? |
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Definition
| classic migraines and medication rebound headaches |
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Term
| Which type of headache have a predilection for males? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which type of headache also has nausea and vomiting? |
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Definition
classic migraines
and space-occupying lesions |
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Term
| Which type of headache is not controlled by alternate or preventive medications? |
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Definition
| medication rebound headaches |
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Term
| Which type of headache is associated with increased lacrimation and nasal discharge? |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
palpable cystic mass in the neck
remnant of fetal development, rises from the foramen cecum at the junction of the anterior 2/3 and posterior 1/3 of the tongue |
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Term
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Definition
congenital lesion formed by incomplete involution of branchial cleft
epithelium-lined cyst, solitary, painless, located in lateral neck, may have intermittent swelling and tenderness (seen when infected) |
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Term
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Definition
often associated with birth trauma or intrauterine malposition
acquired torticollis is result of tumors, trauma, CN IV palsy, muscle spasms, infection or drug ingestion
head tilted and twisted toward AFFECTED SCM with chin elevated and turned toward OPPOSITE SIDE |
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Term
|
Definition
under active thyroid
can cause weight gain, constipation, fatigue and cold intolerance, thick fingernails, puffiness in periorbital area, constipation, menarrhagia, and coarse, scaling, and dry skin |
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Term
|
Definition
overactive thyroid
can cause weight loss, tachycardia, heat sensitivity, nervousness, easily irritable, goiter, b/l or u/l proptosis (exophthalmos), increased frequency of bowel movements, and amenorrhea, increased weakness in proximal muscles |
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Term
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Definition
skin and tissue disorder usually due to severe prolonged hypothyroidism
decrease in metabolic rate, deposition of glycosaminoglycan in all organ systems = mucinous edema of facial features
cognitive impairment, slowed mentation, depressed mood, constipation, muscle pains, hearing problems, deafness, coarse thick skin, thickened nose, slow speech, weight gain, thin brittle hair with hair loss |
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Term
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Definition
autoimmune, antibodies to thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor leading to overactive thryoid
more common in women
symptoms of hyperthyroidism |
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Term
|
Definition
autoimmune antibodies against thyroid gland
often causes hypothyroidism
more common in children and and women between 30 and 50 y |
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Term
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Definition
neural tube defect with protrusions of brain and membranes that cover it through openings in the skull
cause = failure of neural tube to close completely during fetal development
genetic component (family hx of spina bifida) |
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Term
|
Definition
circumference of head is smaller than normal because the brain has not developed properly or has stopped growing
causes = congenital infections, neuroanatomic abnormalities
associated with mental retardation
head circumference is 2-3 cm below mean for age |
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Term
|
Definition
premature closure of one or more cranial sutures before brain growth is complete
leads to misshapen head
usually NOT accompanied by mental retardation
can cause intracranial pressure to increase |
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Term
| What is the difference between a classic and non-classic migraine? |
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Definition
| non-classic migraines do not have a prodromal aura |
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