Term
| What 3 steps should be taken prior to taking a photograph? |
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Definition
| Composition, exposure, focus, and lighting. P 29-30 |
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Term
| What are the 3 cardinal rules of photography? |
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Definition
| fill the frame, maximize depth of field, keep the oil plane parallel. P 30 |
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Term
| ________ is caused by sunlight entering the lens directly. It creates images of the lens' optical element and the aperture opening on the film. Avoid Photographing with the sun in front of you or use a hood lens to avoid this issue. |
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Definition
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Term
| If the photographer does not create _____ distance between the camera and item of evidence, it can appear that the object is larger than the object positioned farther away. |
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Definition
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Term
| Flash shadow can be controlled with the _____ and _____. Ambient shadows can be controlled by changing the view of the photographer or by creating additional shade to cover the subject completely. |
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Definition
| adjustment of angles and bounce flash cards P 36 |
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Term
| ____ is defines as the variable range, from foreground to background, of what appears to be in focus. |
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Definition
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Term
| When photographing midrange photographs, how should the photographer position the camera? |
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Definition
| With each item equidistant to the camera (triangle) P 55 |
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Term
| The our variables that affect exposure are? |
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Definition
| shutter speed, apertures, digital ISO, and ambient lighting P 126 |
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Term
| What are the two main reasons to modify the shutter speed or aperture setting? |
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Definition
| to control motion and to achieve a better depth of field P 126 |
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Term
| Photographs lit by twilight will have a _______ discoloration, while those taken at sunrise or sunset with have a ______ discoloration. |
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Definition
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Term
| Films ability to capture detail in different lighting conditions and films ability to correct for under or over exposure in the dark room are both encompassed under the term ________. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following shutter speeds would freeze a vehicle going 60 mph? |
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Definition
| 1/1000th of a second P 157 |
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Term
| A shutter speed of ____ will freeze a walker, while a shutter speed of ______ will freeze a jogger. |
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Definition
| 1/125th of a second and 1/250th of a second P 157 |
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Term
| To determine a proper exposure, camera and film developed decided on a standard for reflectivity. What is the standard? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you don't have an 18% grey card to meter on, ________ is an appropriate substitution. |
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Definition
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Term
________ : the photographer sets both the f stop and the shutter speed manually to determine the proper exposure.
________ the photographer sets the aperture and the camera automatically selects a corresponding shutter speed.
________ the photographer sets the shutter speed and the camera automatically selects a corresponding aperture.
_______ the camera selects both the aperture and the shutter speed. |
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Definition
manual mode
aperture priority mode
shutter priority mode
automatic mode |
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Term
| ________ means determining a proper exposure, taking that picture, and also taking a picture with more light and a picture with less light to ensure one of the photographs is properly exposed. It is possible to do this by changing the size of the aperture, changing the shutter speed, or using the exposure compensation dial. Flash can also be used. |
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Definition
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Term
| F/16 Sunny Day Rule: When taking pictures on a bright sunny day, outdoors. The general baseline setting is F/16 ISO _____ and a shutter speed of ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ filters are used primarily to protect the lens, filter for the drastic blue of the sky, or to remove haze from vase scenes (lie aerial photographs) |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ are two part filters. One part can be rotate once attached to the lens to reduce or eliminate glare and reflection. |
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Definition
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Term
| If you create a +1 exposure, that means that you have ______ the light striking the film plane or digital sensor. |
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Definition
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Term
| You are looking at the digital display on your shutter camera and you see that the shutter speed reads 60. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| The shutter speed is set at 1/60th of a second |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following shutter speeds is fastest? 60, 2, 2" or 500? |
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Definition
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Term
| The ______ is a fraction relating the size of the aperture opening to the lens being used. |
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Definition
| aperture setting, f-stop, and diameter of diaphragm |
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Term
| Focal length of the lens/fstop = ? |
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Definition
| diameter of the diaphragm P 760 |
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Term
| The Inverse Square Law states that the intensity of light diminishes by the inverse square of the distance changed. This means if the distance the light travels is double, the intensity is _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Film sensitivity is usually the result of different size _______ in the film. |
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Definition
| silver halide crystals P 766 |
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Term
| What does the term "DX coding" stand for? |
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Definition
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Term
| When a film has DX coding, what information is shared between the camera and the film? |
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Definition
| ISO speed, number of exposures, and exposure latitude. P 758 |
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Term
| Midday sunlight and ______ will ensure that various colors in the scene are captured accurately. Any other form of light will give a ting. |
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Definition
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Term
| For digital cameras - rather than a dark room correction, this adjustment can be used if you have a white object in your scene. It can be used as a meter for the rest of the scene. |
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Definition
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Term
| What term refers to the idea that film can not capture all the details of the scene in extreme lighting conditions? |
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Definition
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Term
| If a mistake is to be made, it is always better to _____ expose digital and ______ expose film. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ adds light to an underexposed area, while ______ holds light back from an overexposed area. |
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Definition
| burning and dodging (Glossary) |
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Term
| Which of the following movements can be controlled by adjusting the shutter speed. |
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Definition
| Camera movement, subject movement, and photographer movement. |
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Term
| To eliminate the possible blur from hand holding a camera, use the shutter speed that is closest to the ______; inverted into a fraction. |
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Definition
| focal length of the lens P 530 |
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Term
| ND Filter: A neutral density filter - can block precise stops up to _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| When using ND filters, _____ indicates the filter will block two stops of light. |
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Definition
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Term
| The _____ states that for ever photo opportunity, there are multiple exposure combinations to choose from. Or multiple settings that will result in the same picture. |
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Definition
| Theory of reciprocity P 164 |
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Term
| _____ occurs when a digital camera's sensors are exposed for long periods of time. This results in a grainy appearance. |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of metering is described as measuring most of the light coming through the lens, but emphasizes the light at the center of the scene? |
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Definition
| Average/center weighted meter P 165 |
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Term
| What type of metering is described as allowing for picking specific element of the scene to focus on and they expose for that object? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of metering is described as breaking up the scene into a grid and give different values to different grid squares? |
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Definition
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Term
| Caucasian skin will typically reflect _______% of the light striking it? |
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Definition
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Term
| When referring to exposure modes, what do "TV" and "AV" mean? |
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Definition
TV: Time value
AV: aperture value P 181 |
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Term
| The ______ is used to bracket in automatic exposure modes. It resets the camera's reading of the ISO. |
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Definition
| exposure compensation dial P 183 |
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Term
| A good guide line for picking ISO is to pick the number closest to the ______ you are using. |
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Definition
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Term
| Un-polarized light vibrates in all directions. When striking water or glass, light can become polarized in one direction causing reflection. A polarizing filter eliminates this by ________. |
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Definition
| absorbing the polarized light P 189 |
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Term
| When using a polarizing filter, a _______ degree angle is appropriate. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ refers to the capability of a photographic reproduction to distinctly record two separate but adjacent elements of an image In still photography, it is frequently measured in line pairs for film and pixels per inch for digital files. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ : The rendering of a sharp edge in the subject as a sharp edge in the photograph. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ refers to the image being "in focus." |
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Definition
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Term
| Auto-focus can fail when the necessary ______ and ______ elements are missing or because the area is dimly lit. |
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Definition
| vertical and horizontal P 210 |
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Term
| Be able to identify the circle of confusion diagram |
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Definition
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Term
| Even if the same F-stop number is selected, using lenses with different ______ will effectively change the size of the opening the in the camera's diaphragm. Wide angle lenses create smaller openings. These lenses thus have a greater DOF than telephoto or normal lenses. |
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Definition
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Term
| ______ is a technique used to maximize the depth of field when infinity is composed in the background. |
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Definition
| hyperfocal focusing P 214 |
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Term
| to perform _______ focusing, locate the pairing of f-stop numbers being used on the depth of field scale and place the infinity symbol on the right side number of the pair. |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ is used to pre-focus when infinity is not in the background. If no depth of field scale is available, perform this by using the rule of thirds. |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three variables that affect DOF? |
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Definition
| Lens choice, f/stop choice, and camera to subject distance P 223 |
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Term
| Which focal length of the lens is most appropriate for crime scene photography? |
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Definition
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Term
| Most of the time, DOF is the most important concern. When does diffraction most affect crime scene photography? |
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Definition
| critical comparison photographs P 260 |
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Term
| Diffraction occurs when light strikes a curved edge and bends. This results in the creation of the " _______" and a loss of resolution. The cure for this is to open up to a larger aperture still in the "sweet spot" of the camera. |
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Definition
abberations P 262
Slide show says airy disk, but this isn't in Ed 3 |
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Term
| You are photographing a knife on a kitchen floor. How should the camera be held? |
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Definition
| So that the knife fills the frame of the view finder. |
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Term
| You are attempting to take a close-up photograph of an item of evidence when you realize that your shadow is covering part of the subject. What should you do? |
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Definition
| Totally cover the object in shadow and meter on the shadow. P 36 |
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Term
| When photographing interior walls, using a ______ lens is appropriate to capture the entire wall. |
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Definition
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Term
| According to Robinson, what is considered the sweet spot for apertures? |
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Definition
f8-f22 is what the slide show says
Ed 3 notes the sweet spot is 2 to 3 stops in from the extreme f/stop of the lens, while remembering the DOF cardinal rule, for example if the lens sweet spot is f/4, 5.6, 8, and 11, then according to the cardinal rule f/11 would be the sweet spot |
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Term
| What are the four sides of the exposure triangle? |
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Definition
| ISO, f/stop, shutter speeds, ambient light P 128 |
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Term
| If the existing light the camera meter recommit is 1/60th ss at an f/4 and you can't change to a faster film, what can you do to ensure a good exposure and a good DOF? |
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Definition
| Use a tripod; allowing for slower shutter speeds and smaller apertures or use a flash; allowing for smaller apertures |
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Term
| In any modern camera that is equipped, DX coded film will set what on the camera? |
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Definition
| film speed into the light meter P 758 |
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Term
| Cameras should be loaded and unloaded in what type of lighting? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the camera is set at 1/125th for a shutter speed, what shutter speed setting will double the light entering the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the camera is set at an f/11 what aperture halves the light entering the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the camera Is set at a 1/60th shutter speed, what shutter speed halves the light coming into the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| If an f/11 is set on the camera what f/stop setting would double the light entering the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| IF the camera is set to 1/250th for a shutter speed, what SS setting would double the light entering the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing the f-stop from f/22 to f/11 does what to the light entering the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing from a shutter speed of 1/500 to 1/125th does what to the light entering the camera? |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing the ISO from 100 to 400, if all the other camera settings remain the same, will result in a _____ exposure. |
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Definition
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Term
| Changing the f/stop from an f/8 to an f/11 will result in a _____ exposure if all other camera variables remain the same. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which film speed from this e listed is the most sensitive to light? |
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Definition
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Term
| If you are taking a picture indoors or outdoors at night, which ISO would you pick? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following scenarios would not be conducive to using black and white film? |
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Definition
| accurate representations? Could not find in the text |
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Term
| When the dial on the shutter speed reads 60, what does this represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| The next full stop with a smaller aperture than f/5.6 is ______. |
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Definition
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Term
| When hand-holding a camera with a 50mm lens, what is the recommended shutter speed? |
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Definition
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Term
| _____ controls depth of field. |
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Definition
| lens choice, f/stop, and camera to subject distance P 223 |
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Term
| Which of the following would be considered a "fast" f/stop? |
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Definition
| f/1.4 P 234 remember this is in reference to the speed of the lens. The text notes, the lens in and of itself is not fast or slow, but a lens that has a wider maximum opening than an f/2 is considered fast |
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Term
| What shutter speed should be used when hand holding a camera that is composed on a close-up of a target 600 feet away? |
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Definition
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Term
| What shutter speed range is recommended to eliminate raindrops or snow? |
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Definition
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Term
| If hand-holding a 200mm lens, what is the slowest shutter speed you can set the camera for? |
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Definition
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Term
| The light meter built into most SLr's measure what type of light? |
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Definition
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Term
| If ISO 400, 1/125th, and f/11 is a good exposure, how would changing to ISO 400, 1/60th, and f/16 alter the scene? |
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Definition
| It would be the same exposure, but with a better depth of field |
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Term
| Reciprocal exposures allow for maintaining proper exposures while giving the photographer control over _____ and _____. |
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Definition
| depth of field and motion P 162 |
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Term
| Study and memorize the shutter speeds and f/stops, to be able to find reciprocal exposures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Tiller's Rule of Film Selection: Set the camera to the proposed ISO film, at 1/60th and an ______. If the meter reading indicates a proper exposure, than the proposed ISO can be used. An over-exposure just requires a smaller aperture, and this is good for DOF. If an under-exposure is indicated, select a faster film speed. |
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Definition
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