Term
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Definition
| something that connects things together for a specific purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| connects two or more devices together to share limitless range of information and services. |
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Term
| What are examples of a computer network? |
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Definition
| Documents, email, messaging, websites, databases, music, pinters, faxes, telephony, video conferencing |
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Term
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Definition
| rules that govern how devices communicate and share information across a network |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What is a protocol stack or suite? |
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Definition
| Multiple protocols working together to facilitate end to end networking communication. |
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Term
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Definition
| developed to allow products from different manufacturers to interoperate on a network. |
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Term
| What is a LAN network? ( Local area network ) |
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Definition
| high-speed network that covers a small geographic area. |
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Term
| What is a WAN network? ( Wide Area Network ) |
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Definition
| network that traverses a public or commercial carrier, using one of several WAN technologies. |
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Term
| What is a MAN network? ( Metropolitan Area Network ) |
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Definition
| A network that connects LANS together through a city wide network. |
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Term
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Definition
| general term describing multiple networks connected together. |
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Term
| What is a SAN network? ( Storage Area Network ) |
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Definition
| Provides systems with high-speed, lossless access to high-capacity storage devices. |
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Term
| VPN (Virtual Private Network) |
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Definition
| allows information to be securely sent across a public or unsecured network, such as the internet. |
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Term
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Definition
| any device that is connected to a network OR a device assigned a network address. |
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Term
| What are 3 types of network architectures? |
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Definition
| Peer-to-Peer, Client/Server, Mainframe/Terminal |
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Term
| What is peer to peer network? |
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Definition
| All hosts can provide and request data and services. Data is spread across multiple devices. Problems with security. |
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Term
| What is client/server network? |
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Definition
| hosts are assigned specific roles. Clients request data and services stored on servers. |
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Term
| What are advantages/disadvantages of client/server network? |
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Definition
Plus: Data/services located centrally on one or more servers. Scale larger.
Minus: single point of failure. This can be solved by adding redundancy. |
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Term
| Mainframe/terminal network |
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Definition
| a single device (the mainframe) stores all data and services for the network. the mainframe performs all processing functions for the dumb terminals that connect to the mainframe. The dumb terminals perform no processing whatsoever, but serve only as input and output devices into the mainframe. |
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Term
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Definition
| A thin-client can be implemented as either a hardware device, or software running on top of another operating system (such as Windows or Linux). |
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Term
| Two most common thin-client protocols? |
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Definition
RDP (Remote Desktop Protocol) – developed by Microsoft
ICA (Independent Computer Architecture) – developed by Citrix |
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Term
| How are Network models organized? |
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Definition
| They are organized into layers, with each layer representing a specific networking function. These functions are controlled by protocols, which are rules that govern end-to-end communication between devices. |
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Term
| Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model |
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Definition
| It provided the first framework governing how information should be sent across a network. |
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Term
| What are the 7 layers of the OSI model? |
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Definition
Application
Presentation
Session
Transport
Network
Data-link
Physical |
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Term
| Where are the top three layers implemented in the OSI model? |
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Definition
| Protocols that operate at these layers manage application-level functions, and are generally implemented in software. |
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Term
| What does the application layer do? |
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Definition
| provides the interface between the user application and the network. A web browser and an email client are examples of user applications. |
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Term
| Examples of application layer protocols? |
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Definition
• FTP, via an FTP client
• HTTP, via a web browser
• POP3 and SMTP, via an email client
• T elnet |
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Term
| What are 3 functions of the application layer? |
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Definition
• Identifies communication partners
• Determines resource availability
• Synchronizes communication |
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Term
| What is the presentation layer (Layer-6) do? |
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Definition
| controls the formatting and syntax of user data for the application layer. This ensures that data from the sending application can be understood by the receiving application. |
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Term
| Format examples of the presentation layer? |
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Definition
• Text - RTF, ASCII, EBCDIC
• Images - GIF, JPG, TIF
• Audio - MIDI, MP3, W A V
• Movies - MPEG, A VI, MOV |
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Term
| What layer performs conversion or translation services to facilitate communication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What layer can perform encryption and compression? |
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Definition
| Presentation Layer or network layer |
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Term
| What is the session layer (layer-5)? |
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Definition
| responsible for establishing, maintaining, and ultimately terminating sessions between devices. If a session is broken, this layer can attempt to recover the session. |
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Term
| What are the three types of communication associated with the session layer? |
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Definition
• Full-Duplex – simultaneous two-way communication
• Half-Duplex – two-way communication, but not simultaneous
• Simplex – one-way communication |
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Term
| What are the four lower layers of the OSI model? |
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Definition
Transport Layer
Network Layer
Data-link Layer
Physical Layer |
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Term
| What is the Transport layer (layer 4) do? |
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Definition
| does not actually send data, despite its name. Instead, this layer is responsible for the reliable transfer of data, by ensuring that data arrives at its destination error-free and in order. |
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Term
| What two categories does transport layer communication fall under? |
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Definition
• Connection-oriented – requires that a connection with specific
agreed-upon parameters be established before data is sent.
• Connectionless – requires no connection before data is sent. |
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Term
| What are 4 connection-oriented protocols in the transport layer? |
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Definition
• Segmentation and sequencing – data is segmented into smaller
pieces for transport. Each segment is assigned a sequence number, so
that the receiving device can reassemble the data on arrival.
• Connection establishment – connections are established, maintained,
and ultimately terminated between devices.
• Acknowledgments – receipt of data is confirmed through the use of
acknowledgments. Otherwise, data is retransmitted, guaranteeing
delivery.
• Flow control (or windowing) – data transfer rate is negotiated to
prevent congestion. |
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Term
| TCP/IP protocol suite incorporates what two transport layer protocols? |
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Definition
• Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) – connection-oriented
• User Datagram Protocol (UDP) - connectionless |
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Term
| What does the network layer 3 do? |
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Definition
| controls internetwork communication |
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Term
| What are the network layers key responsibility? |
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Definition
• Logical addressing – provides a unique address that identifies both the host, and the network that host exists on.
• Routing – determines the best path to a particular destination network, and then routes data accordingly. |
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Term
| Two most common network layer protocols? |
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Definition
• Internet Protocol (IP)
• Novell’s Internetwork Packet Exchange (IPX). |
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Term
| What is the datalink layer 2 responsibility? |
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Definition
| responsible for transporting data within a network. |
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Term
| What are the two sublayers of the datalink layer? |
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Definition
• Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer
• Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer |
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Term
| Logical Link Control (LLC) sublayer? |
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Definition
serves as the intermediary between the physical link and all higher layer protocols. It ensures that protocols like IP can function regardless of what type of physical technology is being used.
Additionally, the LLC sublayer can perform flow-control and error- checking, though such functions are often provided by Transport layer protocols, such as TCP. |
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Term
| Media Access Control (MAC) sublayer? |
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Definition
| The MAC sublayer controls access to the physical medium, serving as mediator if multiple devices are competing for the same physical link. Data- link layer technologies have various methods of accomplishing this - Ethernet uses Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Detection (CSMA/CD), and Token Ring utilizes a token. |
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Term
| What layer packages the high-layer data into frames? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are some Common Data-link layer technologies? |
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Definition
• Ethernet – the most common LAN data-link technology
• Token Ring – almost entirely deprecated
• FDDI (Fiber Distributed Data Interface)
• 802.11 Wireless
• Frame-Relay
• A TM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) |
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Term
| What is the most common hardware address? |
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Definition
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Term
| The physical layer 1 does what? |
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Definition
| controls the signaling and transferring of raw bits onto the physical medium |
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Term
| What is a PDU and what does it do? |
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Definition
| A PDU is a protocol data unit. When data is passed through layers, the PDU's or headers/trailers are added to the data. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| What happens during encapsulation with PDUs? |
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Definition
• Data from the user application is handed off to the Transport layer.
• The Transport layer adds a header containing protocol-specific
information, and then hands the segment to the Network layer.
• The Network layer adds a header containing source and destination
logical addressing, and then hands the packet to the Data-Link layer.
• The Data-Link layer adds a header containing source and destination
physical addressing and other hardware-specific information.
• The Data-Link frame is then handed off to the Physical layer to be
transmitted on the network medium as bits. |
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Term
| What happens during decapsulation with PDUs? |
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Definition
• The frame is received from the physical medium.
• The Data-Link layer processes its header, strips it off, and then hands
it off to the Network layer.
• The Network layer processes its header, strips it off, and then hands it
off to the Transport layer.
• The Transport layer processes its header, strips it off, and then hands
the data to the user application. |
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