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Definition
| The self-administered, mail back variety in which a stamped, addressed return envelope is enclosed |
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Term
| Overrepresented People in Mail Surveys |
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Definition
| Elderly, Blacks, women, poor and less educated |
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| Underrepresented in Mail Surveys |
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Definition
| Men, young people, whites and the wealthy |
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| Mail surveys afford a wide geographical and perhaps more representative samples at reasonable cost, effort and time |
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Definition
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| Advantages of the Mail Surver |
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Definition
Mail survey's require no field staff eliminates interviewer bias effect afford the respondents greater privacy more considerable answers |
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| eliminates interviewer bias effect |
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Definition
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| Disadvantages in mail survey |
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Definition
Chief proble: Nonrespondents possible differneces between respondents and nonrespondents a lack of unifrmity in response slowness of responses to follw up attempts the possibility that a number of respndents may misinterpret the questions Escalating costs if seceral followups are required |
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Term
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Definition
1.) those who have ye to respond 2.) those who refuse to cooperate in the survey |
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Definition
continued efforts to solicit response may include renewed mailings of the original questionnaire, mailings of shortened versions, postcards, telephone calls, interviews, telegrams, mailgrams and their combinations Some mail a reminder/thankyou |
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Definition
offering rewards or incentive to survey participants Some actually enclose, rather than just promise payment, assuming that people will feelguilty about keeping the money and not answering the survey |
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Definition
may impress on the respondent the important nature of the study Anything that can attract interest in the survey may enhance response |
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Term
| Sponsorship and Endorsements |
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Definition
are excellent means of enhancing the potential prestie and legitimacy of the survey in he eyes of the respondents. The greater the public visibiluty and reputation of the organization sponsoring or conducting the survey, the greater the potential response |
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Term
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Definition
The attempt to make less impersonal the appearance of the survey package or follow up probes some feel the attachment of colorful commemorative stamps to the envelopes addds more personaliztion than others |
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Definition
| May encourage rsponse from those who were previously hesitant becae of the length of the original instrument |
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Term
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Definition
includes avoiding competitive seasons or other historical events that may impede response. Vacation periods should be avoided Household questionnaires should arrive near the end of the week Business surveys are likely to far better at the beginning of the week |
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Term
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Definition
1.) Structured Interviews 2.) Unstructued Interviews 3.) Depth Interviews |
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Term
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Definition
(closed interview schedules) usuall consist of check-off responses to questions that are either factual or to which most resonses easily fit an expectable pattern Interviewer should avoid soliciting additional comments, but when they occur, record them verbatum |
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Term
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Definition
(focused, clinical, or nondirective) provide for open-ended responses to questions no predetermined response categories are provided |
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Definition
| more intensive and detailed interview, usually of fewer subjects than is the case in a standard survey, and is particularly useful in life histories and case studies |
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| Recording of interviews by means of cassette tapes |
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Definition
| releases interviewers from the task of note taking and enables them to concentrate on conducting the interview. |
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Term
| Pictorials, photographs and motion pictures have all been sucessfully utilized to enhance studies involving interviews |
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Definition
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Term
| Randomized Response Technique (RRT) |
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Definition
| uses indeterinate questions, that is, the actual question answered is known only to the respondent and is unknown by the researcher |
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Term
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Definition
| Asking follow up questions to focus, expand, clarify, or further explain the response given |
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Term
| Computer Assisted Programmed Interviewing (CAPI) |
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Definition
| the researcher uses a laptop computer instead of a clipboard |
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Term
| Continuous Audience Response Technology (CART) |
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Definition
| respondents observe various video presentations and give their reactions on a continious basis by means of a hand-held keypad |
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| Computer Assisted Telephone Interview (CATI) |
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Definition
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Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Administered Interview (ACASI) |
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Definition
| involves having the information on the screen simultaneously being played on earphones |
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| Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) |
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Definition
| software for analyzing open-ended survey responses |
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Term
| verbal reports vs. behavior |
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Definition
| the disparity between what people say and what people do illustrate the hazard of attitudinal measurment of behavioral items |
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Definition
| may compromise the results of many studies |
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Term
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Definition
| in the either the instrument or the analysis, can produce inaccurate results |
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Term
| Participation Observation |
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Definition
| Refers to a variety of strategies in which the researcher studies a group in its natural setting by observing its activities and, to varying degress, participating in its activities |
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| Participant observation may be viewed as the beginning point of all other researcher |
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| one in which the researcher purposefully attempts to uderstand phenomena from the standpoint of the actors or to gain critical insight through an understanding o the entire context and frame of reference of the subjects under study |
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Term
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Definition
| by which a theory is developed during the data gathering, thus grounding it in the real world, rather than artifically predetermining which ypothersis will be looked at |
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Term
| Most distinctive qualites of participant observation |
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Definition
| are its demands on time and personal cost |
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Term
| the observer must attempt to operate mentally on wo diffeent levels: becoming an insider while remainin an outsider |
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Definition
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| The researcher must avoid oversocialzation or going native |
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Definition
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Term
| The researcher must avoid not only overidentification with the study group, but also aversion to it |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| A situation in which the researcher identifies with and becomes a member of the study group, and in the procces abandons his or her role as an objective researcher |
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Definition
| keeing of extensive and detailed field notes, or diaries |
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| words or names, first letters of important lists, caricatures, and mental associations all permit later recal, reconstruction, and recording of important information |
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Definition
| an introduction to a gatekeeper, leader, or person who is willing to accept the purpose of the study and vouch for the researcher's presence |
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Term
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Definition
1.) You have a guide to the territory. You quickly learn the social spaces in the neighborhood and the kinds of persons and activities that occupy each 2.) You have an introduction into at least some groups on the scene. The importance ofhis cannot be overemphasized. A straigh outsider is often mark just waiting for a disaster to occur. An introduction from a trusted insider immediately establishes an openness together with certain rights and obligations and the gatekeepers friends |
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Definition
| indicate their true purpose |
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| involves a system of mutual obligations |
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| or the reanalysis of the data that were originally gathered or compiled for other purposes, is an excellent economizer of researcher time in data gathering, nonreactive, and a resourceful use of the mountains of data generated in modern society |
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Term
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Definition
| refer to raw data unaccompanied by any analysis or interpretations |
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| which consist of analyses, syntheses, and evaluations of the information |
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| refers to quantitative analysis that reviews, combines, and summarizes the results of many different studies dealing with the same research question |
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| A situation or game that attempts to mimic, or imitate, key features of reality |
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Chief advantag of unobtrusive methods of data gathering |
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Definition
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| Disadvantages in employing secretive means of gathering data |
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Definition
| ethical questions, espcially privacy invasions |
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