Term
| What is a seizure and what causes one? |
|
Definition
Seizure is a disturbance of electrical activity in the brain that may affect consciousness, motor activity, and sensation?
Caused by abnormal or uncontrollable neuronal discharges in the brain |
|
|
Term
| What are the different kinds of seizures? |
|
Definition
Partial seizures
Generalized seizures
Clonic-tonic (grand mal
Ataxic (drop seizures) |
|
|
Term
Describe the the different kinds of seizures?
Partial seizures
Generalized seizures
Clonic-tonic (grand mal
Ataxic (drop seizures) |
|
Definition
Partial seizures- no loss of consciousness, altered motor activity to one site of the body, may have sensory symptoms
Generalized seizures- Absence seizure; nonconvulsive with loss of consciousness, slight loss of muscle tone
Clonic-tonic (grand mal)- stiffening and relaxing of the body. Loss of consciousness
Ataxic (drop seizures)- loss of muscle tone of consciousness |
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Term
| What s/s would you expect from a client after a seizure? |
|
Definition
| urinary incontinence, disorientation, c/o feeling tired, headache sore muscles |
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Term
| What are the actions of anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
| suppress neuronal activity just enough to prevent abnormal or repetitive firing |
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Term
| What are some common anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
Barbiturates (Phenobarbital)
Benzodiazepines (Klonopin, Ativan, Valium)
Hydantoins and Phenytoin-like drugs (Dilantin, Tegretol, Depakote)
Succinimides (Zarotin) |
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Term
| What are side effects of anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
| Sedation, Lethargy, drowsiness, fatigue, Dizziness, postural hypotension, Nausea, vomiting, wt loss, abdominal pain, Depletion of vitamins; folic acid, Vit D, Vit C, Gingival hypertrophy |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions of the side effects of anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
Sedation, Lethargy, drowsiness, fatigue
Safety Issues
Avoid Alcohol
Dizziness, postural hypotension
Position changes slowly
Safety issues
Nausea, vomiting, wt loss, abdominal pain
Take medication c food
Depletion of vitamins; folic acid, Vit D, Vit C
Assess for bleeding of the mucous membranes and unusual bleeding
Gingival hypertrophy
Frequent oral care including flossing |
|
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Term
| What are additional nursing actions for anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
Seizure precautions
Educate not to stop medication abruptly
Immediately report changes in mood, mental depression or suicidal urges
Monitor liver and renal functions |
|
|
Term
| What are interactions for anticonvulsants? |
|
Definition
Interactions
phenobarb/benzodiszepines with alcohol/CNS depressants
Increase metabolism of other drugs with phenobarb
Valium and Zarontin increase phenytoin levels (toxicity)
Oral contraceptive decrease effectiveness
Phenyotoin triggers seizures with tricyclic antidepressants
Kava, valerian, chamomile increase effect |
|
|
Term
| What are s/s sometimes associated with anxiety? |
|
Definition
| Insomnia or sleeplessness |
|
|
Term
| What are some CNS depressants? |
|
Definition
Antidepressants
Benzodiazepines
Barbiturates |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of hypnotics? |
|
Definition
| attach to GABA-BZ receptors; GABA is inhibitory and calms te brain; cause sedation, reduce anxiety, skeletal muscle relaxation, anticonvulsant effects |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of hypnotics? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, daytime sedation, amnesia, dizziness
NVD
Dependence |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of hypnotics? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, daytime sedation, amnesia, dizziness
Safety needs
Assess dosage and time medication is given in relation to sedation during the day
Avoid alcohol with hypnotics
NVD
Take with food
Dependence
Assess frequency of requests for Rx
Reporting less effects from the drug |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for hypnotics? |
|
Definition
Concurrent use of CNS depressants potentiates sedation effects and increases the risk for respiratory depression
Sedation-producing herbs may have an additive effect
Stimulant herbs may reduce the effectiveness of the drug |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of anti-parkinsons? |
|
Definition
| restore the balance of neurotransmitters, dopamine and acetylcholine to the brain |
|
|
Term
| What does the loss of dopamine cause with parkinson's disease? |
|
Definition
| Tremors, muscle rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability |
|
|
Term
| What are side effects of anti-parkinsons? |
|
Definition
Uncontrolled, purposeless movements
Loss of appetite, NV
Dry mouth
Blurred vision
Tachycardia
Urine retention/constipation |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects for anti-parkinsons? |
|
Definition
Uncontrolled, purposeless movements
Client safety
Assess LOC
Do not stop abruptly
Loss of appetite, NV
Frequent small meals
Give with meals
Dry mouth
Frequent oral care
Hard candy of not a safety issue
Blurred vision
Client safety
Tachycardia
Monitor VS
Urine retention/constipation
Monitor I&O
Monitor bowel status
Increase fiber and fluids |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for anti-parkinsons? |
|
Definition
Levadopa interacts with many drugs that cause decrease effects of the drug (tricyclic antidepressants, haloperidol, anticonvulsants, B6) to hypertensive crisis (MAO) or hypotension (antihypertensives)
Kava worsens s/s |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of anti-alzheimer's? |
|
Definition
Intensify the effects of acetylcholine at the receptor sides ( acethycholinesterase inhibitor- Aricept, donepezil)
Reduce high levels of glutamate (glutamate causes Ca+ to enter and excite neurons causing cell death-Namenda, memantine) |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of anti-alzheimer's? |
|
Definition
Parasympathetic actions; NVD
Darkened urine, incontinence
CNS effects; insomnia, syncope, depression, irritability, headache, hot flashes, increased libido
MS effects, muscle cramps, arthritis, fractures |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions of the side effects of anti-alzheimer's? |
|
Definition
Parasympathetic actions; NVD
Monitor bowel function
Provide fluids
Take with food
Darkened urine, incontinence
Monitor urine output
Bladder training program
CNS effects; insomnia, syncope, depression, irritability, headache, hot flashes, increased libido
Monitor LOC
6-months use to identify maximum benefits MS effects, muscle cramps, arthritis, fractures
Assess gait
Safety issues |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for anti- alzheimer's? |
|
Definition
Cholinergic will have synergistic effects, do not administer 2 parasympathomimetics.
Elimination increased with phenobarb, phenytoin, dexamethasone, rifampin |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of skeletal muscle relaxants?
What are they used for? |
|
Definition
Cause CNS depression effects
Used to treat local muscle spasms resulting from injury |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of skeletal muscle relaxants? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision
Dry mouth
Rash
Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of skeletal muscle relaxants? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, dizziness, blurred vision
Safety needs
Educate to postural changes
Dry mouth
Offer fluids
Hard candy
Rash
Monitor skin, daily assessment
Tachycardia
Monitor VS and report elevations of pulse |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for skeletal muscle relaxants? |
|
Definition
Do not use with other CNS depressants as will cause additive sedation
Should not use within 2 weeks of a MAO
May take up to 2-3 weeks before reach full effects |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of antispasmodics? |
|
Definition
Interferes with the release of Ca+ ions in the skeletal muscle (Dantrium, dantrolene)
Or
Blocks the release of acetylcholine (botulinum toxin) |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antispasmodics? |
|
Definition
Muscle weakness, headache, dizziness
Pain at injection site with botulinum
Diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antispasmodics? |
|
Definition
Muscle weakness, headache, dizziness
Safety issues
Adjunct therapy for muscle for muscle spasms
Ice or heat, massage, ROM
Pain at injection site with botulinum
Use of local anesthetic
Assess skin at area of skin trauma
Diarrhea
Monitor bowel status
Encourage fluids |
|
|
Term
| What are interactions for antispasmodics? |
|
Definition
Do not take with CNS depressants, cough preparations and antihistamines
Ca+ channel blocker increase risk V-fib |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions for CNS stimulants for ADHD? |
|
Definition
Causes heightened alertness the area of the brain that is associated with focus and attention
Partially achieved by release of norepinephrine, dopamine serotonin |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effect of CNS Stimulants for ADHD? |
|
Definition
HTN, irregular heart beat
Hepatotoxicity
Wt loss
Drug dependency (Schedule II) |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effect of CNS Stimulants for ADHD? |
|
Definition
HTN, irregular heart beat
Periodic monitoring of VS
Hepatotoxicity
Monitor liver function studies
Wt loss
High-calorie nutritious meals
Weigh weekly
Drug dependency (Schedule II)
Periodic drug-free holidays
Assess behavior during these periods
Keep medication in a secure location |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for CNS stimulants for ADHD? |
|
Definition
Decreases effectiveness of anticonvulsants and anticoagulants
MAO may produce HTN crisis
Other CN stimulants could increase vasoconstrictive actions |
|
|
Term
| What are the three endocrine hormones that use pharmacotherapy? |
|
Definition
Growth Hormone or somatotropin
ADH
Oxytocin |
|
|
Term
| What does the growth hormone (somatotropin) do? |
|
Definition
| stimulates growth and metabolism in every cell. Deficiency seen in children= dwarfism |
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|
Term
| What does ADH (vasopressin) do in the endocrine systeem? |
|
Definition
| conserves water in the body= raises B/P |
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|
Term
| What is oxytocin used for? |
|
Definition
| induce labor; strengthen contractions |
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|
Term
| What are the side effects of the growth hormones in the pituitary? |
|
Definition
Edema at injection site
Allergic reactions
Hypercalciuria |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of the growth hormones in the pituitary? |
|
Definition
Edema at injection site
Application of ice at site
Allergic reactions
Assess for skin rash, dyspnea
Hypercalciuria
Encourage fluids during therapy |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects of the Vasopressin's in the pituitary? |
|
Definition
HTN
Angina and MI
Fluid retent |
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Term
| What are nursing actions for the side effects of the Vasopressin's in the pituitary? |
|
Definition
HTN
Monitor VS especially B/P
Assess for headaches, changes in mental status
Compliance with lab draws
Angina and MI
Assess for chest pain
Refer to HCP immediately with symptoms
Fluid retention
Weigh twice weekly and report significant increases or decreases
Monitor I&O |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions (primarily with vasopressin's) in the pituitary? |
|
Definition
Decrease effects with concurrent use of alcohol, heparin, lithium, andphenytoin
Educate to contact HCP before taking any OTC or herbs |
|
|
Term
| What are the pharmacotherapy's of the thyroid in the pituitary? |
|
Definition
Hypothyroidism- replace the thyroid hormone
The thyroid gland controls your BMR, either up or down in function |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects of the of pharmacotherapy's in the thyroid? |
|
Definition
Replacement= s/s hyperthyroidism
Palpitations, dysrrythmias, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance
Anti-thyroid= s/s hypotension, fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, hair loss, dry skin
Rash and leucopenia |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of the pharmacotherapy's in the thyroid? |
|
Definition
Replacement= s/s hyperthyroidism
Palpitations, dysrrythmias, anxiety, insomnia, weight loss, heat intolerance
Monitor VS
Take medication in the morning before eating
Weigh weekly
Follow up for blood work
Monitor BS with diabetics
Educate to compliance of drug
Anti-thyroid= s/s hypotension, fatigue, depression, sensitivity to cold, hair loss, dry skin
Rash and leucopenia
Monitor VS
Take medication in the morning before eating
Weigh weekly
Follow up for blood work
Monitor BS with diabetics
Educate to compliance of drug |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for the pharmacotherapy's in the thyroid? |
|
Definition
Levothyroxin
Do not take within 4 hrs of other medication or vitamins
Bile acid agent decrease absorption
Use with warfarin causes potentiation
Propythiouracil
Reverses the effects of aminophyline, heparin, digoxin
Drugs or iodine diminishes effects |
|
|
Term
| What do the adrenals do in the endocrine system? |
|
Definition
Secrete steroid hormones
Gonadocorticoids, androgens, estrogen post menopause
Mineralocorticoids, aldostrerone (Na reabsorption and K+ excretion) |
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|
Term
| What will the primary pharmacotherapy be in the adrenal? |
|
Definition
Replacement with adrenal insufficiency
Decrease inflammatory and immune responses |
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Term
| What are the side effects of the primary pharmacotherapy's in the adrenal? |
|
Definition
Low doses for replacement or topical/intranasal are rare
High doses and prolonged use = Cushing’s s/s
Moon face, buffalo hump, obesity with limb wasting
CNS effects- insomnia, anxiety, confusion, depression, increased appetite
CV- HTN, tachycardia, edema
Gastric upset |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of the primary pharmacotherapy's in the adrenal? |
|
Definition
Cushing’s s/s- moon face, buffalo hump, obesity with limb wasting
Weigh daily
Physical activity, weight bearing
CNS effectors, insomnia, anxiety, confusion, depression, increased appetite
Avoid dosing at HS
Educate to mood changes
Report changes to HPC
CV-HTN, tachycardia, edema
Monitor VS
Assess for peripheral edema
Follow up for lab work (lytes)
Gastric upset
Take with food
Report any tarry stools or abdominal pain
Monitor for infection
Suppression for immune system
Monitor lab work
Monitor wound healing
Impaired healing
Monitor glucose levels
Increased gluconeogenesis
Report s/s hyperglycemia
Adjust insulin doses with diabetics
Monitor compliance of the drug
Do not stop abruptly, taper |
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|
Term
| What are the interactions for the primary pharmacotherapy's in the adrenal? |
|
Definition
Increase metabolism with barbiturates, phenytoin, rifampin
Potentiation with estrogens
NSAIDS increase gastric distress
Increase K+ loss with diuretics
Decrease immune response with biologicals |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| caused by genetic and environmental factors that impair the cellular utilization of glucose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| is to assist in glucose transport into the cells, without insulin glucose cannot enter the cell; develop increase blood sugar (hopoglycemia) |
|
|
Term
| What do the islets of langerhans secrete in the pancreas? |
|
Definition
| secrete both insulin and glucose |
|
|
Term
| How does glucagon work with insulin? |
|
Definition
| Glucagon antagonist to insulin; when glucose levels are low (hypoglycemia) secrete glucose |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells, lack insulin secretion |
|
|
Term
| What is type II Diabetes? |
|
Definition
| insulin receptors in the target tissues have become insulin resistant. Produce insulin but at deficient amounts |
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|
Term
| What is the onset, peak, durations for raid-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
|
Definition
Onset 10-30”
Peak 0.5-3 hrs
Duration 3-6 hrs
Common drugs: NovoLog, Humalog, Apidra |
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|
Term
| What is the onset, peak, durations for short-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
|
Definition
Onset 30-60”
Peak 1-5 hrs
Duration 6-10 hrs
Common drugs: Insulin Regular |
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Term
| What is the onset, peak, durations for intermediate-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
|
Definition
Onset 1-2 hrs
Peak 6-14
Duration 16-24 hrs
Common drugs: NPH, Humalin N) |
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Term
| What is the onset, peak, durations for long-actings insulins and what are some common drugs? |
|
Definition
Onset 1-2 hrs
Non PEAK
Duration 24 hrs
Common drugs: Levemir, Lantus |
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|
Term
| What are the types of oral hypoglycemics? |
|
Definition
Sulfonylureas
Biguanides
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors
Thiazolidinediones
Meglitinides
Newer agents |
|
|
Term
| How do sulfonylureas's work? |
|
Definition
| Sulfonylureas- stimulate pancreatic cells increase insulin sensitivity |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Biguanides- decreases hepatic glucose and reduces insulin resistance |
|
|
Term
| How do Alpha-Glucosidase inhibitors work? |
|
Definition
| Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors- block enzymes in sm intestine responsible for breaking down complex CHO |
|
|
Term
| How do Thiazolidinediones work |
|
Definition
| Thiazolidinediones- decreases insulin resistance and inhibit hepatic glucose |
|
|
Term
| How do Meglitinides work? |
|
Definition
| Meglitinides- stimulate insulin from islet cells |
|
|
Term
| How do Newer Agents work? |
|
Definition
| Newer agents- incretin-glucose mechanism; incretins (intestines) signal insulin release and liver stop producing glucagon |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of oral hypoglycemics? |
|
Definition
Hypoglycemia
NVD, anorexia, flatulence, abdominal distension |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of oral hypoglycemics? |
|
Definition
Hypoglycemia
Monitor BS
Monitor VS
Provide meal, do not skip meals
Simple sugar at first sign of hypoglycemia
NVD, anorexia, flatulence, abdominal distension
Take with food
Monitor weight weekly
Changes in weight leads to med changes
Monitor activity level
Increase activity= lower BS
Monitor for s/s illness or infection
May cause increase glucose levels |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for oral hypoglycemics? |
|
Definition
Drops BS with insulin and alcohol, salicylates, MAO, anabolic steroids
Increase BS with Corticosteroids, thyroid, epinephrine, furosemide or thiazide diuretics both insulin and orals
Garlic, bilberry and ginseng increase hypoglycemia |
|
|
Term
| What is an ulcer and what is the primary cause? |
|
Definition
An ulcer is an erosion or the mucosa layer of the GI tract, associated with acute inflammation
Primary cause H. pulori bacterium |
|
|
Term
| What is GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease)? |
|
Definition
| utilizes the same meds as with peptic ulcers |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of ant-ulcers? |
|
Definition
relieve symptoms, promote healing, and prevent future occurrence with;
HZ receptor antagonists
Proton pump inhibitors
Antacids
Antibiotics |
|
|
Term
| How do H2 receptor antagonists work? |
|
Definition
| block H2 receptors to suppress the volume and acidity of the parietal cells secretions |
|
|
Term
| How do Proton pump Inhibitors works? |
|
Definition
| binds irreversibly to the enzyme H+ K+ ATPase to reduce stomach acid secretion |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of anti-ulcers? |
|
Definition
H2 receptors
CNS effects; dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, headache primarily with elderly
Rare Hepatotoxicity
Vit B12 deficiency
Proton Pump
Headache
Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Rash |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anti-ulcers? |
|
Definition
CNS effects; dizziness, drowsiness, confusion, headache primarily with elderly
Safety issues
Rare Hepatotoxicity
Iron supplements
Monitor CBC for anemia
Vit B12 deficiency
Monitor liver profile
Nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain
Give 30” before meals
Can be given at same time with antacid
Probiotics
Smoking and alcohol cessation will cause increase aid production
Rash
Assess skin observe for other s/s allergies |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for anti-ulcers? |
|
Definition
H2antagonists- decrease absorption of cefpodoxime, ketoconazole, itraconazole
Smoking decreases effects
Proton Pump- increase blood levels of diazepam, phenytoin, CNS depressants and warfarin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| neutralize the stomach acid. Decrease Ph |
|
|
Term
| what are the side effects of antacids? |
|
Definition
Magnesium and aluminum based products may cause diarrhea
Calcium based products may cause constipation |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antacids? |
|
Definition
Monitor bowel status
Medications make the stools white, educate
Thoroughly chew tablets before swallowing |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antacids? |
|
Definition
Do not take antacids with other meds due to the binding potential with meds
Avoid preparations with sodium for clients on low sodium diet
Do not take magnesium products when in kidney failure |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Laxatives promote the evacuation of the bowels |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of laxatives? |
|
Definition
| Nausea, abdominal distention, diarrhea |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of laxatives? |
|
Definition
Assess bowel patterns
Encourage fluids 2-3 L per day if not contraindicated
Educate to follow instructions, more does not mean better |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antacids? |
|
Definition
Bulk forming preparations can decrease absorption of drugs
Osmotic preparations can alter electrolytes if overused |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of anti-diarrheals? |
|
Definition
return elimination patterns to normal, slow peristalisis
Identify cause of diarrhea and treat underlying cause |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of anti-diarrheals? |
|
Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness
Development of constipation |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anti-diarrheals? |
|
Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness
Safety issues
Change position slowly
Assess for dehydration as contributing factor
Development of constipation
Monitor stool patterns
Avoid anti-diarrheals with viral infections as slowing the peristalsis keeps the virus in the body longer
Discontinue meds once diarrhea or liquid stool stop
Fluids
BRAT (Bananas, rice, applesauce, tea/toast
Electrolyte fluids for replacement |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for anti-diarrheals? |
|
Definition
Additive effects with CNS depressants
St Johns Wort decreases Zofran concentration |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of anorexiants? |
|
Definition
induce weight loss by suppressing appetite and hunger
Short term control of obesity, BMI 30 or greater |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of anorexiants? |
|
Definition
HTN, tachycardia, dysrhythmias
Potential for dependence
Insomnia
Dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anorexiants? |
|
Definition
HTN, tachycardia, dysrhythmias
Investigate history prior to stating
Monitor VS, report sustained increases
Potential for dependence
Use for 12 months only
Lifestyle modifications
Insomnia
Take in the morning
Take prescribed amount
Dry mouth
Fluids
Hard candy |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for anorexiants? |
|
Definition
Cough and cold medications can cause increased HTN
Do not use Meridia (sibutramine) with other SSRI |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of pancreatic enzymes? |
|
Definition
| replaces pancreatic enzymes when the enzymes are absent or deficient |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of pancreatic enzymes? |
|
Definition
rare
Nausea, cramping, diarrhea with excess dosage |
|
|
Term
| what are the nursing actions for the side effects of pancreatic enzymes? |
|
Definition
Take with meals or snacks
Do not chew table but may use capsules by opening over applesauce, mashed fruit |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for pancreatic enzymes? |
|
Definition
Antacids may decrease effects
Enzymes may decrease absorption of iron |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of hematoligic meds? |
|
Definition
growth factors that stimulate blood cell production
Red Blood Cells with erythropoietin, epoetin alfa (Epogen) IV or subq
White Blood Cells with colony stimulating factors for neurtophils with filgrastim (Neupogen) IV or subq
Platelet enhancers with oprelvekin (Neumega) subq |
|
|
Term
| What are the hematopoietic agents? |
|
Definition
Anti-anemic
Blood products |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of hematoligic meds? |
|
Definition
Epogen- HTN, risk for thrombis, headache, fever, nausea, diarrhea, edema
Neupogen- bone pain
Neumega- NVD, fluid retention, fever, headache, dizziness |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of hematoligic meds? |
|
Definition
Begin treatments at least 24 hrs after chemotherapy
Monitor VS especially temp and B/P
Monitor lab work, CBC
Monitor bowel status, assess for NVD
Alternative measure for discomforts |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for hematoligic meds? |
|
Definition
Administering within 24 hrs of cemo reduces med effectiveness
Enhance blood clotting, need for increase anticoagulant doses
Increase loss of K+ with Neumega and diuretics |
|
|
Term
| What are anti-anemic meds and what are their actions? |
|
Definition
| vitamins or minerals given to enhance the production of the oxygen-caring capacity of the blood. RBC/Hgb |
|
|
Term
| What are some anti-anemic meds? |
|
Definition
Cyanocobalamin (B12)
B12 needs intrinsic factor form stomach to the absorbed in the intestine, absent in disease of stomach, removal of stomach
Folic acid
Deficiency due to insufficient dietary intake
Ferrous sulfate
Primary cause of iron deficiency blood loss and dietary deficiency |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of anti-anemics? |
|
Definition
Cyanocobalamin- rare, sm % rash and itchy
Folic acid- uncommon
Iron- GI upset, dark stools, constipation |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of anti-anemics? |
|
Definition
Assess injection site for rash or itching
Give iron with food to decrease GI upset, with straw if liquid
Keep iron preparation out of reach of children
Educate to dark stools
Encourage increase in fluids and fiver to combat constipation
Monitor physical response to supplements
Increase energy and less fatigue
Improved skin color
In children improvement in growth with growth chart |
|
|
Term
| What are interactions for anti-anemics? |
|
Definition
Iron is absorbed better with orange juice
Iron absorption reduced with antacids, proton-pump inhibitors or calcium supplements, also dairy
Iron decreases absorption of antibiotics, take at least 1 hr before or after |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
A blood product is any component of the blood which is collected from a donor for use in a blood transfusion
Most blood products consist of specific processed components such as red blood cells, while blood cells, blood plasma, platelets, cryoprecipitate, immune globulins |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of blood products? |
|
Definition
Incompatibility- transfusion reaction
Allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of blood products? |
|
Definition
Meticulously check and document identification of blood component to infuse (two nurses)
Give pre-infusion antihistamine
Pre0infusion VS and q15” VS during infusion
Most infusions given within 2 hrs
Monitor output
Monitor for s/s reaction
Low lack pain
Chills
Dizziness
Flushing, itching or hives
Dyspnea
Tachycardia |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for blood products? |
|
Definition
Second IV line for all mess
Flush main IV with NS prior to infusion
Blood warmer for central lines |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of vaccines? |
|
Definition
administration of modified, harmless microorganism or toxoid so that an immune response occurs.
If future exposure quick reaction and response to produce large amounts of antibodies |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of vaccines? |
|
Definition
Redness and discomfort at the injection site
Fever, malaise, headache
Anaphylaxsis |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of vaccines? |
|
Definition
Educate to schedule and importance of compliance
Reliable contraception with MMR, vericella
Redness and discomfort at the injection site
Encourage warm pack or soak in the tub
Fever, malaise, headache
Acetamenipnen prior to injection and the alternate with ibuprofen every 4 hrs for 24 hrs
Anaphylaxsis
Emergency epinephrine on hand
Immediate referral to ER/HCP |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for vaccines? |
|
Definition
Do not give if client is currently sick, or weakened immune system (immune system is already compromised)
Previous known allergy to vaccine or components |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of allergy shots? |
|
Definition
help the body build immunity to specific allergens
decrease the risk of developing asthma by 50% and reduce the chance of developing new allergens
contains a purified form of the allergens that are causing problems
The dosage of the allergen in gradually increased over the first 4 to 5 months to a monthly maintenance dose, which is usually given for up to 3 yrs |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of allergy shots? |
|
Definition
Shortness of air, wheezing, anaphylaxis
Redness at injection |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of allergy shots? |
|
Definition
Nursing actions
Shortness of air, wheezing, anaphylaxis
*After giving injection, have the client remain in the waiting room up to 30” or dependent upon policy
Epinephrine on hand when administering
Redness at injection
Monitor
Ice or cool pack |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for allergy shots? |
|
Definition
Steroids will decrease the immune response
Allergic reaction to serum |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
dampen or suppress the immune response, suppress T-cell function
Primarily utilized with organ transplants to avoid rejection, also use with autoimmune diseases
Some of the drugs are very selective in their action and other are non-selective with more side effects |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
Hirsutism (hair between breasts), gingival hyperplasia, gynecomastia (man boobs)
Hyperkalemia, leucopenia
Nephrotoxicity
Hepatotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
Hirsutism, gingival hyperplasia, gynecomastia
See dentist regularly
Identify self image issues
Wax
Hyperkalemia, leucopenia
*Monitor CBC and electrolytes
Educate to follow up labs
Nephrotoxicity
Monitor output
Monitor renal labs
Hepatotoxicity
Monitor liver function studies (creatinine)
Assess sclera and skin color (jaundice)
Educate to importance of lab follow up |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for immunosuppressants? |
|
Definition
Multiple drug interactions with calcineurin inhibitors
Increase risk for infection
Increase risk with side effects with vaccines and low immune response
Do not take Echinacea as this boosts immune system |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 types of immunosupressants? |
|
Definition
Antibodies- Humira (adalimumab), remicade (infliximab)
Antimetabolite- Imuran (azahioprine), Enbral (eranercept)
Calcineurin- Sandimmune (cuclosporine)
Glucocorticoids |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions for immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
boost specific functions of the immune system
Use with cancer, chronic viral infections |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
Flu like s/s in 50% of clients. Headache malaise, NV, anorexia
Hepatotoxicity
Nephrotoxicity |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
Flu like s/s in 50% of clients. Headache malaise, NV, anorexia
Palative support care during therapy
Hepatotoxicity
Monitor liver function studies
Educate to importance of lab follow-up
Nephrotoxicity
Monitor output
Monitor renal studies
Educate to importance of lab follow-up |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for immunostimulants? |
|
Definition
Bone marrow suppression with antineoplactics
Antivirals may increase hematologic toxicity
Echinacea may cause additive immune boosting properties |
|
|
Term
| What do interferons (interleukins) do? |
|
Definition
Stimulates immune system to remove antigens
Suppress the growth of cancer cells |
|
|
Term
| What is cancer (carcinoma) characterized by? |
|
Definition
abnormal, uncontrolled cell division
Primary site
Metastasis
Neoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
| kill cancer cells by interfering in their replication ability. Purpose of the drug therapy to cure, palliation or prophylaxsis |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
Antineoplatics attack the fast growing cancer cells and any other cells in the body that replicate quickly
Hair
Skin of the mucous membranes, mouth and GI tract (sores in mouth and food taste funny meat taste like iron)
Bone marrow (low RBC WBC= pale) |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
Alopecia-prepare for hair loss
Refer to wigs
Open communication discussing body image
Stomatitis , GI distress
Antiemetics before during treatments (prevent vomiting)
Palatable foods (whatever tastes good)
Weigh weekly
Viscous xylocaine for mouth sore
Bone marrow suppression
Weekly CBC, monitor results
Protect from infection (*If your sick, stay away)
Fatigue, educate to balance of work and rest |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antineoplactics? |
|
Definition
Toxic drugs with multiple drug interactions
Always check resource for interactions to prescription, OTC and herbs |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis is a combination of drugs. Initially analgesics and anti-inflammatory
Disease modifying antirheumatic work to decrease the autoimmune response in the body by suppressing formation of the antigens for the immune reaction in the body |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
GI- anorexia, NV
Headache, personality changes |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
Full Effects of the drug may not be evident for 6 months
Compliance with dosing (be patient)
GI- anorexia, NV
Give with food
Headache, personality changes
Assess changes and refer for significant changes to HCP |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for Antirheumatics? |
|
Definition
Antacids with aluminum and magnesium will alter absorption
Increase digoxin level if concurrent use
Increase over toxicity with other hepatotoxic drugs
No Alcohol= dizziness and blurred vision |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Gout is a form of acute or chronic arthritis due to an accumulation of uric acid crystals. Primary gout the client cannot metabolize uric acid |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of antigouts? |
|
Definition
| block the accumulation of uric acid in the blood |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antigouts? |
|
Definition
GI upset, NVD
Bone marrow toxicity with colchicine |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antigouts? |
|
Definition
GI upset, NVD
Take on an empty stomach
Avoid concurrent with NSAIDS
Must drink 3-4L of fluids daily
Bone marrow toxicity with colchicine
Monitor blood values (CBC) |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antigouts? |
|
Definition
Allopurinol will increase warfarin effects (increased bleeding)
Thiazide diuretics less effective with allopurinol
-Mycin drugs with cochicine can become toxic
Limit foods that become more alkaline (dairy) leading to kidney stones
ASA and Vit C can enhance kidney stone formation |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
| of OTC and prescription drugs is to decrease the sebum production along with a cleansing program |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
Drying of the mucous membranes, eyes, mouth/lips, nose
Elevation of triglycerides
Photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
Drying of the mucous membranes, eyes, mouth/lips, nose
Eye lubricant drops
Hard candy
Lip balm
Elevation of triglycerides
Monitor liver function
Monitor lipids
Photosensitivity
Use of sunscreen
Wear long sleeves, hat |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antiacne agents? |
|
Definition
Teratogen, must use contraception during course of therapy
Vit A increases effectors causing toxicity
Concurrent with hypoglycemics affects BS control
Avoid alcohol as will increase triglycerides |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the skin where the epithelium has an extremely fast turn overrate, formation of silvery plaques |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of psoriasis agents? |
|
Definition
| of the agents are to reduce the inflammation, plaques and improve the integrity of the skin with the use of glucocorticoids and immunomodulators |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for psoriasis? |
|
Definition
Support and educate
Altered self-image
Infection control related to open skin lesions
Compliance with meds |
|
|
Term
What are scabies and lice?
How are they contracted? |
|
Definition
Scabies and Lice are skin parasites
Contracted thru direct contact or a fomite |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
Skin irritation, burning, stinging, itching, swelling
Lindane can have systemic effects of dizziness, tremors, convulsions |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
RID and NIX apply to dry hair or skin for 10” then wet and lather
Skin irritation, burning, stinging, itching, swelling
Rinse produce off the skin and report to HCP
Lindane is applied to skin 8-12 hrs them washed off. Do not use with children
Lindane can have systemic effects of dizziness, tremors, convulsions |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for scabicides/perdiculocides? |
|
Definition
Do not use NIX or RID if allergic to chrysanthemums
Do not use RID if allergic to ragweed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a dysfunction of neurotransmitters |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Block enzymatic breakdown of norepinephrine
Slow the reuptake of seratonin |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Drowsiness, somnolence, sedation, dizziness, fatigue
Orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, headache
Dry mouth, GI disturbances, constipation, anorexia and increase appetite |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
*Education that antidepressants do not reach full therapeutic effect for 3-4 week
Need for psychotherapy in addition to pharmacotherapy
Drowsiness, somnolence, sedation, dizziness, fatigue
Safety issues
Periods of rest with activity
Orthostatic hypotension, blurred vision, headache
Change positions slowly
Dry mouth, GI disturbances, constipation, anorexia and increase
appetite
Take at HS
Increase fluids
Weigh weekly |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for Antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Tricyclic do not take with other CNS meds
SSRI, digoxin and warfarin should be avoided as increase effects
No St John’s Wort with antidepressants
MAO cannot be given concurrently with other antidepressants. Must have 2-3 weeks between starting or ending another class
MAO dietary restrictions- no tyramine= acute HTN |
|
|
Term
| What are the types of antidepressants? |
|
Definition
Tricyclic
SSRI
MAO inhibitor
Atypical |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit the reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin (increase in sympathetic system) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibit the reuptake of serotonin |
|
|
Term
| How do MAO inhibitors work? |
|
Definition
| decreases the effectiveness of the enzyme monamine oxidase; thus limit the destructions of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin (lots of side effects and reacts with a lot of food et other meds) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| inhibits the reuptake of serotonin and also affects norepinephrine and dopamine |
|
|
Term
| What the the actions of mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
| Unsure of action but it alter activity of the neurons containing norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin, Prevent mood swings |
|
|
Term
| What drugs are used for mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Lithium (Eskalith) traditional treatment
Unlabeled use of anticonvulsants has been used |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of mood stabilizers |
|
Definition
Headache, lethargy, fatigue, recent memory loss, muscle weakness
NVD, anorexia, abdominal pain, dry mouth |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Monitor blood values every 1-3 days initially then every 2-3 months
Educate to compliance with med and lab follow-up
Monitor mental status
Headache, lethargy, fatigue, recent memory loss, muscle weakness
Works like a salt increase loss of fluids= toxicity
Monitor weight and fluid balance
NVD, anorexia, abdominal pain, dry mouth
Take with food
Monitor electrolytes, renal status |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for mood stabilizers? |
|
Definition
Diuretics and NSAIDs increase concentration, risk for toxicity
Phenothiazides may mask early signs of toxicity
Alcohol potentiates the drug action |
|
|
Term
What are the actions of major tranquilizers?
What are the goals of major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Antipsychotic meds compete for the dopamine receptor sites. Theory that there is an overabundance of dopamine at the receptor sites
The goal of the drug to reduce the symptoms of schizophrenia, and psychotic and irrational behaviors |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Sedation, dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension
Extrapyramidal symptoms |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Sedation, dizziness, drowsiness, orthostatic hypotension
Client with schizophrenia do not like the sedated feeling, monitor compliance
Safety issues with elderly, half dose
Educate to slow postural changes
Extrapyramidal symptoms
Assess for s/s and report to HCP |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for major tranquilizers? |
|
Definition
Many drug interactions with this group
Avoid any CNS depressants
With trycyclic antidepressants elevation of B/P
Anticonvulsants lower seizure threshold |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of urinary analgesics? |
|
Definition
| Relieves urinary burning and pain |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of urinary analgesics? |
|
Definition
| GI disturbances, rash, pruritis |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of urinary analgesics |
|
Definition
Give with meals
Teach about reddish orange color of urine |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for urinary analgesics? |
|
Definition
Interferes with UA tests related to color reactions
Urinary antiseptic & urinary antimicrobial
Limited to treatment of UTI, drug action in the renal tubule and bladder dependent upon drug dose may be bacterialstatic or bacterialcidal |
|
|
Term
| What are urinary analgesics groups? |
|
Definition
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
Methenamine (Mandelamine, Hipex)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole )Bactrim, Septra)
Fluoroquinolones (Cipro) |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of urinary atiseptics/antimicrobials? |
|
Definition
| Limited to treatment of UTI, drug action in the renal tubule and bladder dependent upon drug dose may be bacterialstatic or bacterialcidal |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of urinary atiseptics/antimicrobials? |
|
Definition
GI disturbances: NVD
Photosensitivity |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of urinary atiseptics/antimicrobials? |
|
Definition
GI disturbances: NVD
Give with meals
Probiotics during treatment
Increase fluids to 3000mL/day
Photosensitivity
Sunscreen
Long sleeve clothing and hat |
|
|
Term
| What are some common urinary antiseptic & urinary antimicrobial? |
|
Definition
Nitrofurantoin (Macrodantin)
Methenamine (Mandelamine, Hipex)
Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole )Bactrim, Septra)
Fluoroquinolones (Cipro) |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
| direct action on the smooth muscle of the bladder, to relax, decrease urinary urgency |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth, intestinal distention, constipation
Increased heart rate, dizziness |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
Dry mouth, intestinal distention, constipation
Increase fluids
Monitor bowel status
Increased heart rate, dizziness
Monitor VS especially B/P
Educate to change position slowly
Safety issues |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antispasmotics? |
|
Definition
Mycins and – conazoles may increase the drug concentrations
Meds with anticholinergic effects (antihistamines) may increase the anticholingergic effects
Do not give to clients with glaucoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
IV solutions that contain electrolytes and other agents that mimic the body’s extracellular fluid
These fluids can quickly diffuse across membranes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 types of fluids? |
|
Definition
Isotonic (NS, LR)
Hypotonic (1/2NS)
Hypertonic (D5NS) |
|
|
Term
| What are the elecrtrolytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Major extracellular electrolyte, regulates body fluids
135-145 mEq/L
Water follows sodium |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Intracellular electrolyte, for transmission and conduction of nerve impulses
3.5-5.3 mEq/L
Poorly stored in the body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Equal intracellular and extracellular, promotes nerve and muscle activity, increases heart contraction, blood clotting
4.5-5.5 mEq/L
Need Vit D to absorb calcium |
|
|
Term
| When do electrolytes need to be replaced? |
|
Definition
when there is a hypostate
Vomiting , diarrhea, renal failure |
|
|
Term
| What are the routes for electrolyte admin? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of electrolytes? |
|
Definition
| GI distress, diarrhea, constipation |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of electrolytes? |
|
Definition
Give with meals
Monitor bowel patterns
Accurate dosing when given IV
Assess IV site to avoid phlebitis and infiltration |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions contraceptives? |
|
Definition
| to interrupt the menstrual cycle by causing anovulation, ill prepared uterine lining, and alter cervical mucous for sperm penetration |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Nausea, abdominal cramps
Edema, breast tenderness, weight gain
Fatigue
Thromboembolic disorders with smokers or client with HTN |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Encourage to take at the same time everyday, if missed back-up contraceptive method for cycle
Nausea, abdominal cramps
Take at HS
Edema, breast tenderness, weight gain
Monitor fluid retention
Fatigue
Educate as fatigue is related to adjustment of progesterone
Thromboembolic disorders with smokers or client with HTN
Educate to risks
Investigate options to other methods |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for contraceptives? |
|
Definition
Antibiotics decrease effectiveness of birth control. Recommend back up method during cycle of antibiotics
BC have a decrease effect on warfarin |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
to replace female reproductive hormone due to surgical or natural menopause. Supplement hormones during periods of infertility and childbearing
Post menopause hormone replacement may be utilized for CV protection, osteoporosis protection or symptoms of menopause |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
| Breakthrough bleeding, spotting, breast tenderness, weight gain |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
Encourage documenting on a calendar bleeding patterns
Medication requires time to regulate
Educate that side effects due to increase hormones as with pregnancy
Encourage not to smoke
Monitor for thrombolytic disease
Monitor BS as estrogen may increase levels |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for hormone replacements? |
|
Definition
Hormones decrease the effects of warfarin
Contraindicated with women with estrogen sensitive breast cancer |
|
|
Term
| What two groups of drugs affect the uterus? |
|
Definition
Oxytocics- action to cause uterine contractions
Tocolytics- action to relax and prevent uterine contractions |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of the drugs that management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
| Management of pre-term or term labor |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects with management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Oxytocics- hyperstimulation of the uterus, NV, uterine rupture
Tocolytics- nervousness, tremors tachycardia with palpitations |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects with management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Oxytocics- hyperstimulation of the uterus, NV, uterine rupture
Fetal monitoring continuous
Nenpharm pain relief measures
Tocolytics- nervousness, tremors tachycardia with palpitations
Fetal monitoring continuous at initial drug therapy, the intermittent
Educate to common side effects
Educate to fetal development; uterus is the best incubator |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions with management of uterine contractions? |
|
Definition
Contraindicated in antepartum complications: breech, CPD, placenta previa
HTN when used with vasoconstrictors or ephedra |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of androgens? |
|
Definition
Produced in the testicle in men and small amounts form the adrenal in women
Prescribed in disorders of hypogonadism to replace or supplement testosterone levels
Males who lack testosterone experience erectile dysfunction, low sperm count, decreased libido |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of androgens? |
|
Definition
Increase libido, masculine features, edema,
Hypercholesterolemia |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of androgens? |
|
Definition
Rotate site of using injection preparation
Apply patch to areas without hair
Monitor VS especially B/P
Monitor lipid profile |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for androgens? |
|
Definition
Contraindicated for men with diagnosis of prostate or breast cancer
Caution in men with renal or hepatic disease
Caution in men with renal or hepatic disease |
|
|
Term
| What are antiprostatic agents used for? |
|
Definition
| for the condition called BPH (Benign Prostate Hyperplasia) the condition develops for men in their 5-6th decade, where the prostate gland enlarges, impeding urinary flow |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
alpha-adrenergic blockers is to relax smooth muscles of the prostate bladder neck and urethra (Flomax, Hytrin)
Alpha-reductase inhibitors interfere with testosterone metabolism, eliminating the signal for growth of the prostate (Avadart, Proscar) |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
Alpha adrenergic blockers= orthostatic hypotension, headache, dizziness
Alpha-reductase inhibitors= sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, decrease ejaculation volume |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
Have men over 50 have PSA done yearly
Alpha adrenergic blockers= orthostatic hypotension, headache, dizziness
Monitor VS especially B/P and HR
Educate to change positions slowly
Take med at bedtime
Alpha-reductase inhibitors= sexual dysfunction, decreased libido, decrease ejaculation volume
Report to HCP side effects
Women do not touch drug, teratogen to fetus
Semen should be avoided, use a barrier method |
|
|
Term
| What are the interactions for antiprostatic agents? |
|
Definition
| Anticholinergics will decrease effects of (Proscar) finasteride |
|
|
Term
| What are the actions of erectile dysfuntion meds? |
|
Definition
| enhance of the erection caused by physical contact, relaxing the smooth muscle of the corpus cavenosum= increased blood flow and longer erection (vasodilation) |
|
|
Term
| What are the side effects of erectile dysfunction meds? |
|
Definition
Headache, flushing, nasal congestion, chest pain
Diarrhea, dyspnea, dyspepsia, indigestion
UTI |
|
|
Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of erectile dysfunction meds? |
|
Definition
Headache, flushing, nasal congestion, chest pain
Reminder the drug causes generalized vasodilation
Do not take with nitrates
Monitor B/P
Diarrhea, dyspnea, dyspepsia, indigestion
Do not take with meals, especially high fat meal, as will lower effectiveness
UTI
Void after coitus |
|
|
Term
| What are causes for erectile dysfunction? |
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Definition
Physiologic changes
Psychogenic
Side effects of drugs |
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Term
| What are the actions of antihistamines? |
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Definition
block the actions of histamine at the H1 receptor
Histamine is released when exposed to an allergen, Causing itching, sneezing, watery eyes |
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Term
| What are the side effects of antihistamines? |
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Definition
| Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects- dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antihistamines? |
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Definition
Drowsiness, anticholinergic effects- dry mucous membranes, urinary hesitancy
Avoid driving or using heavy machinery
Take dosage as prescribed
Hard candy
Report to HCP urinary/voiding difficulties
Avoid smoking or lg amounts of caffeine |
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Term
| What are the interactions for antihistamines? |
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Definition
Taking with other drugs of class may increase anticholinergic side effects
Do not take with CNS depressants, increased sedation
Contraindicated with glaucoma and BPH
Stop 4 day prior to allergy test to avoid false-neg results |
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Term
| What are the actions of decongestants? |
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Definition
| stimulates alpha adrenergic receptors in the sympathetic system. Constriction of arterioles |
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Term
| What are the side effects for decongestants? |
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Definition
Nasal route= nasal dryness, stinging
Oral route= generalized vasoconstriction with elevated B/P and CNS excitement |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects for decongestants? |
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Definition
Nasal route= nasal dryness, stinging
Use only 3-5 days, development of rebound congestion
Do not take with antihistamine
Oral route= generalized vasoconstriction with elevated B/P and CNS excitement
No not take at HS
Report to HCP chest pain, numbness or tingling or the face, insomnia, sever headache, confusion |
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Term
| What are the interactions for decongestants? |
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Definition
| Sympathomimetics use only with HCP direction with HTN, diabetes, heart disease |
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Term
| What are the actions of antitussives? |
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Definition
to relieve cough
Work in the cough center to raise the cough threshold |
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Term
| What are the side effects of antitussives? |
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Definition
| Dizziness, drowsiness and GI upset |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of antitussives? |
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Definition
Dizziness, drowsiness and GI upset
Safety needs
Take with food
Cough is a protective measure to cleanse lungs, use in moderation
If cough persists more than 3 days see HCP
Avoid pulmonary irritants |
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Term
| What are the interactions for antitussives? |
|
Definition
Avoid alcohol, additive effect of CNS depression
Additive effects with OTC cold meds, consult HCP |
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Term
| What are the actions of expectorants? |
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Definition
| increase mucous secretions reducing the thickness of secretions |
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Term
| What are the side effects of expectorants? |
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Definition
| Rare expectorant effects: NV |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of expectorants? |
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Definition
Expectorants- give with water
Respiratory assessment prior to and following treatment
Assess respiratory status, sputum and report changes
Encourage cough, deep breathing |
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Term
| What are the actions of mucolytics? |
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Definition
| loosen thick mucous and break it down |
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Term
| What are the side effects of mucolytics? |
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Definition
| throat irritation, NV, unpleasant odor |
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Term
| What are the actions for bronchodialators? |
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Definition
| dilate or open the airways |
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Term
| What are the side effects of bronchodialators? |
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Definition
| Headache, dizziness, tremors, nervousness, dry mouth, throat irritation |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of bronchodialators? |
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Definition
Headache, dizziness, tremors, nervousness, dry mouth, throat irritation
Educate to prior use of MDI
Headache, dizziness, tremors, nervousness, dry mouth, throat irritation
Limit use of caffeine
Rinse mouth after use
Take med as prescribed, report unsatisfactory relief of symptoms
Report changes in urinary pattern with elderly |
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Term
| What are the interactions for bronchodialators? |
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Definition
Concurrent use of beta-blockers will inhibit bronchodilation effect
Use other anticholinergics will have additive effects |
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Term
| What are the actions of inhaled glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
| used for long term prevention of asthma attacks, avoid the use of systemic steroids |
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Term
| How do glucocorticoids work? |
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Definition
| decrease the inflammatory response to the bronchioles without major side effects |
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|
Term
| What are the side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids? |
|
Definition
Hoarseness, dry mouth, cough, sore throat
Candidiasis of the mouth (thrush) |
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Term
| What are the nursing actions for the side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids? |
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Definition
Hoarseness, dry mouth, cough, sore throat
Candidiasis of the mouth (thrush)
Rinse mouth after use
Use as prescribed, not for use during acute attack
Assess for s/s of infection of illness
Monitor BS if diabetic, can raise blood sugars |
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