Term
| Which of the following statements about osmosis is FALSE? |
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Definition
| Water moves toward the solution with the lowest concentration of solutes. |
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Term
| A Hypertonic solution:_______. |
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Definition
| will induce cell shrinkage |
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Term
| If a membrane is impermeable to solutes, which of the following is true? |
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Definition
| Water will move toward the more concentrated solutes. |
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Term
| Osmotic pressure is measured in units of _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following generated osmotic pressure? |
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Definition
| sodium chloride, glucose and albumin generated osmotic pressure. |
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Term
| Which of the following would result in NO change in osmotic pressure across a membrane? |
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Definition
| The solutes can diffuse through the pores and the concentration of solutes is the same on both sides of the membrane. |
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Term
| With the experimental conditions set at 10 mM glucose and 9 mM albumin, and the 200 MWCO membrane in place, which of the following is true? |
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Definition
| The net movement of water is toward the albumin. |
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Term
| A cell is immersed in a beaker of solution. The cell membrane is permeable to water but impermeable to solutes. If the intracellular concentration is 10 mM and the solution is 20 mM, which of the following is true? |
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Definition
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Term
| ADH is produced in the _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The secretion of aldosterone is directly stimulated by _______. |
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Definition
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Term
| The secretion of ADH is directly stimulated by _______. |
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Definition
| a change in body fluid osmolarity |
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Term
| The addition of aldosterone _______. |
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Definition
| decreased the urine volume |
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Term
| With ADH added but in the absence of aldosterone, _______. |
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Definition
| the potassium concentration increased and urine volume decreased |
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Term
| The urine was the most concentrated _______. |
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Definition
| with both ADH and aldosterone |
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Term
| Which hormone had the greater effect on urine volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is a reflection of the unequal distribution of positive and negative ions across the plasma membrane? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following conditions triggers the release of renin? |
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Definition
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Term
| What type of ductless gland secretes hormones into the bloodstream? |
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Definition
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Term
| A greater plasma volume than normal is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following transport mechanisms is passive? |
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Definition
| movement of sodium through ion channels |
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Term
| The fluid compartment with a high sodium and protein concentration is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is found in greater concentration inside the cell than outside? |
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Definition
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Term
| When solute is actively transported across epithelium, what usually follows? |
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Definition
| water movement in the same direction |
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Term
| A membrane permeable to water separates a chamber into two compartments: A and B. Compartment A contains a 10 mM solution of non-permeating solute, whereas compartment B contains a 40 mM solution of non-permeating solute. Which of the following statements is TRUE? |
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Definition
| Water will move from side A to B, but solute will not move. |
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Term
| A half-life, in terms of a chemical messenger, refers to |
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Definition
| the time it takes for half of the chemical messenger in the blood to be degraded. |
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Term
| The process whereby fluid in the kidneys is transported from the tubules back into the bloodstream is called |
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Definition
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Term
| The portion of body water outside of cells that bathes most cells of the body is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements best describes the release of a lipophilic messenger? |
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Definition
| Lipophilic messengers are released immediately upon synthesis by simple diffusion. |
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Term
| When more than one ion species (i.e., Na+ and K+) is present on both sides of the membrane, the chemical driving force acting on Na+ will include |
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Definition
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Term
| Angiotensin II acts directly in the hypothalamus to stimulate what? |
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Definition
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Term
| In epithelial tissue, the cells are linked together by ________, which prevent paracellular movement from lumen to extracellular fluid. |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is most of our total body water located? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most important energy-transferring compound in cells? |
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Definition
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Term
| The movement of a molecule is determined by its concentration, with that molecule moving from a higher to a lower concentration. |
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Definition
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Term
| A 150mM solution of NaCl is isotonic to a human cell. |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the following solutes are found in higher concentrations outside of the cell EXCEPT |
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Definition
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Term
| Which solute is primarily responsible for producing the osmotic gradient that drives water reabsorption? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which ion(s) have a net electrical force acting to move the ion(s) into the cell? (Assume a resting membrane potential (Vm) of -70mV.) |
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Definition
| X+, whose [ECF] is120 mM and [ICF] is 30 mM |
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Term
| What effect does uncontrolled diabetes mellitus have on blood osmolarity? |
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Definition
| It increases it, causing a hyperosmotic state compared to normal. |
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