Term
| What are the 2 primary risk factors for HF? other risk factors |
|
Definition
-CAD and age
-HTN, diabetes, cigarette smoking, obesity, high serum cholesterol |
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Term
| HF is classified as what four categories? |
|
Definition
-systolic and diastolic failure
-left and right side heart failure |
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Term
| What is the result of left ventricle function with systolic heart failure? |
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Definition
| -the LV loses the ability to eject blood forward into the aorta |
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Term
| Over time what changes occur to the physiology of the left ventricle in systolic heart failure? |
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Definition
| - the LV dilates and becomes hypertrophied |
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Term
| What are some causes of impaired left ventricle function? |
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Definition
-impaired contractility (MI)
-increase afterload (HTN)
-cardiomyopathy
-mechanical abnormalities (valvular disease) |
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Term
| The inability of the ventricles to do what causes diastolic heart failure? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Diastolic heart failure is diagnosed based on the presence of? |
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Definition
| -pulmonary congestion, pulmonary HTN, ventricular hypertrophy, and a normal EF |
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Term
| What are the most common causes of diastolic heart failure? |
|
Definition
-left ventricular hypertrophy (d/t chronic HTN)
-aortic stenosis
-hypertrophic cardiomyopathy |
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|
Term
| What is cardiac hypertrophy? |
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Definition
| -an increase in the cardiac muscle mass in response to overwork or strain |
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Term
| Regardless of the etiology, acute decompensated heart failure manifests as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Heart failure symptoms can be identified by the acronym FACES, what does FACES stand for? |
|
Definition
Fatigue
limitation of Activity
Chest Congestion/Cough
Edema
Shortness of breath |
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Term
| What are S&S of heart failure? |
|
Definition
-fatigue
-dyspnea
-tachycardia
-edema
-nocturia
-skin changes
-behavioral changes
-chest pain
-weight changes |
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Term
| What are some complications of heart failure? |
|
Definition
-pleural effusion
-dysrhythmias
-left ventricular thrombus
-hepatomegaly
-renal failure |
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Term
| What is used to differentiate between systolic and diastolic heart failure? What test is done to determine? |
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Definition
-Ejection Fraction
-measured using echocardiography or nuclear imaging studies |
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Term
| What are the 2 rhythms that should be defibrillated? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How quickly should defibrillation be initiated after V tach or V fib starts? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the difference between biphasic and monophasic defibrillators? |
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Definition
-monophasic shocks in one direction and uses more joules
-biphasic shocks in two directions and uses less joules |
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|
Term
| What should the RN do immediately following the initial shock of defibrillation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is an AED and what does it do? |
|
Definition
-Automatic External Defibrillator
-a defibrillator that has rhythm detection capability and the ability to advise the operator to deliver a shock using hands free defibrillator pads |
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Term
| What things would you need in the room prior to performing a cardioversion? |
|
Definition
-Ambu bag
-Suction
-Crash cart
-Versed |
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|
Term
| When is synchronized cardioversion indicated? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the pt sedated for a non-emergent cardioversion? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What are the effects of Digoxin on the heart? |
|
Definition
•Increases the contractility of cardiac muscle
•Slows heart rate and conduction |
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Term
| What assessment must be made before administering Digoxin? |
|
Definition
| -assess HR; hold if less than 60 |
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Term
| What are S&S of endocarditis? |
|
Definition
1.Fever
2.Chills, malaise, night sweats, fatigue
3.Murmurs
4.Symptoms of heart failure
5.Atrial embolization |
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|
Term
| What are S&S of pericarditis? |
|
Definition
1.Pain: sudden, sharp, severe:
a.Substernal, radiating to the back or arm
b.Aggravated by coughing, inhalation, deep breathing
c.Relieved by leaning forward
2.Pericardial friction rub
3.Fever |
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|
Term
| How does infective endocaarditis damage the heart valves? What does this put the pt at risk for and what can it lead to? |
|
Definition
| Infective endocarditis damage to heart valves occurs with the growth of vegetative lesions on valve leaflets. These lesions pose a risk for embolization, erosion or perforation of the valve leaflets, or abscesses within adjacent myocardial tissue. Valvular stenosis or regurgitation (insufficiency), most commonly of the mitral valve, can occur, depending on the type of damage inflicted by the lesions, and can lead to symptoms of left- or right-sided heart failure |
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|
Term
| What sound is an indication of pericarditis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What ECG changes indicate pericarditis? |
|
Definition
| ST-segment elevation and T-wave inversion |
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Term
| Describe the antibiotic regimen of the pt with endocarditis? |
|
Definition
| Administer antibiotics IV for 4 to 6 weeks. The American Heart Association recommends administration of erythromycin before dental or genitourinary procedures. Clients may be instructed in IV therapy for home health care. |
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Term
| What needs to be part of pt teaching regarding future doctor visits for the pt with endocarditis? |
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Definition
| 5.Instruct client to inform dentist and other health care providers of history. |
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Term
| What are some causes of valvular heart disease? |
|
Definition
1.Rheumatic fever
2.Congenital heart diseases
3.Syphilis
4.Endocarditis
5.Hypertension |
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|
Term
| What are S&S of valvular heart disease? |
|
Definition
A. Fatigue
B. Dyspnea, orthopnea
C. Hemoptysis and pulmonary edema
D. Murmurs
E. Irregular cardiac rhythm
F. Angina |
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