Term
| What does the cardiovascular system consist of? |
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Definition
| The heart and closed system of vessels. |
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Term
Direction of flow of the arteries?
capillaries?
veins? |
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Definition
Arteries are away from the heart.
Capillaries are diffusion.
Veins are toward the heart. |
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Term
| What is the significance of the heart? |
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Definition
| To listen to the heart, perform CPR and diagnose some heart disorders. |
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Term
| Describe the size of a heart. |
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Definition
| It's approximately the size of one's fist but it depends on the age, body build and state of contraction. |
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Term
| What is pericardium and what is it made of? |
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Definition
| Pericardium is the whole covering of the heart and it is tough, loose-fitting in an elastic sac. It is made of fibrous and serous. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parietal & visceral AKA epicardium. |
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Term
| What is parietal and visceral made up of? |
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Definition
| Pericardial space which is filled with a lubricant called pericardial fluid to minimize friction. |
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Term
| Describe the three layers of the heart. |
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Definition
Epicardium is the outermost layer (AKA visceral pericardium) and it is used for protection and lubrication.
Myocardium is the middle and muscle layer for contraction (involuntary, striated, intercalated disks) Syncutium where disks w/ gap junctions are electrically coupled.
Endocardium is the innermost layer, has diffusion since endothelial tissue is simple squamous.
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Term
| Differentiate between the atria and ventricles. |
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Definition
Atria is the receiving chamber and it receives blood from the vessels.
Ventricles pumps blood to the entire body. |
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Term
| Which side of the heart, do you find oxygenated blood and deoxygenated blood? |
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Definition
Oxygenated blood is the left
Deoxygenated blood is the right |
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Term
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Definition
| Valves are used to prevent the backflow of blood. They make a lub-dub sound and if they don't close properly, then they MURMUR (Shh sound). They are anchored by chordae tendinae to papillary muscle. |
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Term
| Conduction through heart? |
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Definition
| To generate and conduct impulses. |
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Term
| What are coronary arteries? |
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Definition
| They are the vessels which carry oxygenated blood mostly to ventricles. |
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Term
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Definition
| They are vessels that carry deoxygenated blood to the right atrium. |
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Term
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Definition
| Branches allowing detours in flow if necessary, collateral circulation. |
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Term
| What is myocardial infarction? |
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Definition
| Death of an ischemic heart muscle cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| Inadequate flow because of blockage to vessels. |
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Term
| What type of blood do the arteries, veins and capillaries carry? |
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Definition
Arteries carry oxygenated except for the pulmonary artery.
Veins carry deoxygenated except for pulmonary vein
Capillaries carry both oxy and deoxy and they exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen first diffuses then carbon dioxide is absorbed for transport back into lungs. |
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Term
| What is the smallest and largest artery? |
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Definition
Smallest- arteriole
Largest- aorta |
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Term
| What is the smallest and largest vein? |
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Definition
Smallest- venule
Largest- vena cava |
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Term
| What is the smallest and largest capillary? |
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Definition
| These are the smallest vessels! |
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Term
| Describe tunica adventitia. |
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Definition
It is the outermost layer of a vessel made of strong, flexible and fibrous CT.
It holds vessels open and prevents tearing.
Thinner than in veins.
Veins are the thickest and there are no capillaries present. |
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Term
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Definition
It is the middle layer of a vessel made of smooth muscle and elastic CT.
It changes the blood vessel diameter.
The arteries are the thickest and veins are thinner.
No capillaries are present. |
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Term
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Definition
It is the innermost layer made of simple squamous.
Its smooth surface allows diffusion.
The arteries are made of smooth surface.
The veins are smooth with valves.
Capillaries are present and it allows diffusion.
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