Term
| Intercalated discs of cardiac muscle tissue.... |
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Definition
| join adjacent cardiac muscle cells |
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Term
| Gap Junctions of the cardiac muscle tissue... |
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Definition
| provide electrical connections between cells |
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Term
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Definition
| 1% of heart muscle that spontaneously depolarize, setting the pace for beating of heart |
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Term
| Contractile fibers of the heart |
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Definition
| 99% of heart muscle responsible for pumping |
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Term
| The order the electrical signals travel in the cardiac conductive system... |
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Definition
| SA node, AV node, AV bundle, bundle branches, purkinje fibers |
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Term
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Definition
| sinoatrial node; group on contractile autorythmic muscle cells located in right atrium; controls heart rate |
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Term
| Pace maker potential in SA node |
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Definition
| ability to depolarize spontaneously, resulting in a pacemaker potential |
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Term
| What produces the refractory period in myocardium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the stimulus cause in the depolarization of myocardium? |
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Definition
| voltage regulated Na+ gates to open and Na+ rushes in |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle cells of the heart |
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Term
| What happens during depolarization of myocardium? |
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Definition
| K+ channels open, and K+ leaves the cell |
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Term
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Definition
| when cells cannot generate an action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| produced when a signal from the SA node spreads through the atria and depolarizes them causing atrial systole |
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Term
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Definition
| occurs when AV node fires, ventricles depolarize causing ventricular systole |
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Term
| atrial distole in QRS complex caused by... |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| ventricles repolarize causing ventricular diastole |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| peak pressure in arterial system, due to ventricular systole |
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Term
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Definition
| lowest pressure in the arterial system, due to ventricular diastole |
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Term
| where is blood pressure lowest? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is blood pressure highest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the 3 main factors that influence blood pressure? |
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Definition
| cardiac output, peripheral resistance, blood volume |
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Term
| What is peripheral resistance? |
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Definition
| resistance to blood flow as blood travels away from the heart |
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Term
| What does peripheral resistance result from? |
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Definition
| friction of blood against the walls of the vessels |
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Term
| What three ways are peripheral resistance affected? |
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Definition
| buy the vessels diameter, length of the vessel/how far the blood has to travel, and the blood viscosity |
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Term
| Cardiac output definition |
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Definition
| amount of blood ejected per ventricle per min |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of blood ejected per ventricle per beat |
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Term
| Cardiac output = ______x______ |
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Definition
| heart rate x stroke volume |
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Term
| Is cardiac output increased or decreased by exercise? |
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Definition
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Term
| Short term blood pressure regulation |
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Definition
| counteracts fluctuations in BP by altering peripheral resistance |
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Term
| what mediates short term blood pressure regulation? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| hormonal control and renal mechanisms that change blood volume |
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Term
| BP regulation that alters blood volume? |
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Definition
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Term
| BP regulation that alters peripheral resistance? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| pressure sensors in blood vessels |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical receptors in blood vessels that send messages to vasomotor center in the medulla oblongata |
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Term
| How does vasomotor center regulate blood vessels diameter? |
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Definition
| by impulses sent to vascular smooth muscle to cause either vasoconstriction or vasodialation |
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Term
| What keeps the blood vessels partially contracted? |
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Definition
| sympathetic nervous system |
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Term
| where is the vasomotor system? |
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Definition
| in the brain stem under ANS |
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Term
| What is angiotensinogen produced by? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| potent vasoconstrictor, increases blood volume and pressure by secretion of aldosterone which causes a retention of Na and H2O |
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Term
| aldosterone is secreted by... |
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Definition
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Term
| where does the exchange of nutrition take place in the organization of the blood vessels? |
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Definition
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Term
| what controls blood flow to capillaries of the capillary bed? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| changes in BP detected by stretch receptors(baroreceptors) in large arteries above the heart |
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Term
| where are chemoreceptors located? |
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Definition
| aortic arch, subclavian arteries, external carotid arteries |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomic response to chemical changes in the blood |
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Term
| Primary and secondary role of chemoreflex? |
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Definition
| adjust respiration, vasodialation or constriction |
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Term
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Definition
| autonomic response to chemical changes in the blood |
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Term
| Mechanisms involved in capillary exchange? |
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Definition
| diffusion, pino and exocytosis, filtration and reabsorption |
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Term
| where does capillary filtration occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| where does capillary reabsorption occur? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| thoracic cavity expands-pressure goes down.abdominal pressure goes up forcing blood up |
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