Term
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Definition
Meaning: Slow
Example: Bradycardia- a slow heart rate (below 60 beats per minute) |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Inside, within
Example: Endocarditis- inflammation of the inner lining of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Upon, over, on top
Example: Epicardium- the outer layer of the heart |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Excessive, above normal
Example: Hyperlipidemia- elevated levels of lipids in the blood |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Under or below
Example: Orthostatic Hypertension- low blood pressure that occurs upon standing up |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Around
Example: Pericardium- the membranous sac that contains the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Fast
Example: Tachycardia- a fast heart rate (over 100 beats per minute) |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Without
Example: Aphasia- a condition characterized by the complete loss of ability to speak or understand language |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Without, not
Example: Anencephaly- a condition where a major portion of the brain, skull, and scalp is absent |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Difficult, pain, abnormal
Example: Dysphasia- difficulty speaking |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Half
Example: Hemiparesis- weakness on one side of the body |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Excessive, above normal
Example: Hyperreflexia- exaggerated reflexes |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Not, inward
Example: Insomnia- inability to sleep |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Between
Example: Interneuron- a neuron that transmits signals between other neurons |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Within, inside
Example: Intracranial- located or occurring within the skull |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: All, entire
Example: Panhypopituitarism- decreased function of all pituitary hormones, affecting the nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Beside, abnormal
Example: Paraplegia- paralysis of the lower half of the body |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Many
Example: Polyneuropathy- damage or disease affecting multiple nerves |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: After
Example: Postictal- the state following a seizure |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Before
Example: Presynaptic- relating to the area before a synapse |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Under, below
Example: Subdural- located beneath the dura matter, a membrane surrounding the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: A mixture or blending (often used in relation to blood).
Example: Dyscrasia- an abnormal condition of the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Blood condition
Example: Ischemia- a condition where the blood supply to a part of the body , often the heart , is restricted or reduced |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Surgical removal
Example: Atherectomy – removal of plaque from an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Process of recording
Example: Electrocardiography – recording the electrical activity of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Inflammation
Example: Myocarditis – inflammation of the heart muscle |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Destruction, breakdown
Example: Thrombolysis – the breakdown of a blood clot. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Enlargement
Example: Cardiomegaly – enlargement of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Abnormal condition
Example: Arteriosclerosis – hardening of the arteries. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Deficiency
Example: Leukopenia – a deficiency of white blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Surgical repair
Example: Valvuloplasty – surgical repair of a heart valve. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Bursting forth, excessive flow
Example: Hemorrhage – excessive bleeding (in a short amount of time) |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Stopping, controlling
Example: Hemostasis – stopping of blood flow. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Condition of cells
Example: Thrombocytosis – an abnormal increase in the number of platelets |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Pain
Example: Neuralgia – nerve pain |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Hernia, swelling
Example: Meningocele – hernial protrusion of the meninges. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Cell
Example: Gliocyte – a glial cell. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Surgical removal
Example: Ganglionectomy – surgical removal of a ganglion. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Producing, originating, or causing
Example: Myogenic – originating in muscle tissue but affecting the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Record or image
Example: Myelogram – an imaging record of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Instrument used to record
Example: Electroencephalograph – an instrument for recording brain activity. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Process of recording
Example: Myelography – imaging of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Specialist in treatment
Example: Psychiatrist – a specialist in treating mental disorders. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Field of medicine, treatment
Example: Psychiatry – the medical field focusing on mental health |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Inflammation
Example: Encephalitis – inflammation of the brain.
- |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Seizure
Example: Epilepsy – a condition characterized by recurrent seizures. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Specialist in a field of study
Example: Psychologist – a specialist in the study of the mind and behavior. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Abnormal softening
Example: Encephalomalacia – softening of the brain tissue. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Madness or excessive preoccupation
Example: Pyromania – excessive preoccupation with fire (can involve neurological or psychiatric evaluation).
- |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Resembling or like
Example: Myeloid – resembling or related to the spinal cord or bone marrow. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Tumor, swelling
Example: Glioma – a tumor of glial cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Disease
Example: Radiculopathy – a disease or disorder affecting a nerve root. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Fear
Example: Agoraphobia – fear of open or public spaces, related to mental health. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Suturing or stitching
Example: Myelorraphy – suturing of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Cutting or surgical incision
Example: Neurotomy – surgical incision into a nerve. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Having an affinity for, influencing
Example: Psychotropic – substances that affect mental activity, behavior, or perception. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Vessel (usually blood or lymph)
Example: Angioplasty – a procedure to mechanically widen a narrowed or blocked blood vessels. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Aorta
Example: Aortostenosis– narrowing of the aorta. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Artery
Example: Arteriogram– an xray of an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Fatty plaque
Example: Atheroma– a fatty deposit or plaque within the wall of an artery. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Capillaries (the smallest blood vessels)
Example: capillaroscope – an instrument used to examine capillaries. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Heart
Example: Cardiomyopathy – the general term for diseases that affect the heart muscle. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Color
Example: Hemochromatosis – a condition where excess iron is stored in the body, affecting skin color. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Red
Example: Erythrocyte – a red blood cell. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Blood
Example: Hemoglobin– a protein in red blood cells. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Restriction, deficiency
Example: Ischemic– a condition or process involving restricted blood flow to a part of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: White
Example: Leukocyte – a white blood cell. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Muscle
Example: Myocardium – the muscular tissue of the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Vein
Example: Phlebotomy – the process of making an incision into a vein, typically to draw blood. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Hardening
Example: Sclerotherapy – a treatment method used to harden and close off abnormal or damaged blood vessels such as varicose veins. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Narrowing
Example: Stenocardia - a condition of chest pain caused by the narrowing of blood vessels to the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Clot
Example: Thrombosis – formation of a blood clot inside a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Valve
Example: Valvulopathy – a disease or disorder affecting the heart valves. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Vessel
Example: Vasospasm – A sudden constriction of a blood vessel. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Vein
Example: Venous – related to the veins. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Sensitivity to pain
Example: Analgesic – a medication that reduces or eliminates pain. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Head
Example: Cephalalgia – a headache. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Brain, cerebrum
Example: Cerebrospinal – relating to the brain and spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Cerebellum (part of the brain)
Example: Cerebellitis – inflammation of the cerebellum. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: To shake violently
Example: Concussion – a violent shaking of the brain, often due to injury. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Skull
Example: Craniotomy – a surgical incision into the skull. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Dura mater (outermost layer of the meninges)
Example: Subdural – located beneath the dura mater. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Brain
Example: Encephalopathy – a disease of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Sensation, feeling
Example: Anesthesia – loss of sensation, typically induced for medical procedures. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Ganglion (a cluster of nerve cell bodies)
Example: Ganglioneuroma – a tumor of a nerve ganglion. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Water, fluid
Example: Hydrocephalus – an accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid within the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Lobe
Example: Lobectomy – surgical removal of a lobe of the brain. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Mind, chin
Example: Dementia – a decline in mental abilities, typically due to disease or injury. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Meninges (membranes covering the brain and spinal cord)
Example: Meningitis – inflammation of the meninges. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: One, single
Example: Monoplegia – paralysis of one limb. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Spinal cord, bone marrow
Example: Myelitis – inflammation of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Nerve
Example: Neurology – the study of the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Speech
Example: Paraphasia – a condition in which a person substitutes incorrect words, sounds, or non-words in their speech. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Gray matter (of the brain or spinal cord)
Example: Poliomyelitis – an infectious disease affecting the gray matter of the spinal cord. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Pons (a part of the brainstem)
Example: Pontocerebellar – relating to the pons and cerebellum. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Mind
Example: Psychiatry – the study and treatment of mental illness. |
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Term
| radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o |
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Definition
Meaning: Nerve root
Example: Radiculodynia – pain caused by irritation or injury to the nerve roots. |
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Term
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Definition
Meaning: Vagus nerve (a cranial nerve)
Example: Vagotomy – surgical cutting of the vagus nerve. |
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Term
| A-fib (Atrial Fibrillation) |
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Definition
| Definition: A-fib is an irregular and often rapid heart rate that can lead to poor blood flow. The atria (upper chambers of the heart) beat chaotically, which can increase the risk of stroke and heart-related complications. |
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Term
| AED (Automated External Defibrillator) |
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Definition
| Definition: An AED is a portable device that can detect life-threatening cardiac arrhythmias and deliver an electrical shock to restore normal heart rhythm, typically used during sudden cardiac arrest. |
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Term
| CABG (Coronary Artery Bypass Graft) |
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Definition
| Definition: CABG is a surgical procedure that improves blood flow to the heart by using a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to bypass a blocked coronary artery, restoring oxygen-rich blood flow to the heart muscle. |
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Term
| CAD (Coronary Artery Disease) |
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Definition
| Definition: CAD is the narrowing or blockage of the coronary arteries due to the buildup of plaque, reducing blood flow to the heart. It is the most common cause of heart attacks. |
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Term
| Card cath, CC (Cardiac Catheterization) |
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Definition
| Definition: Cardiac catheterization is a procedure used to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions by inserting a thin tube (catheter) into the heart through blood vessels, often used to examine blockages or perform treatments like angioplasty. |
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Term
| CVI (Chronic Venous Insufficiency) |
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Definition
| Definition: CVI occurs when veins in the legs don’t allow blood to flow back properly to the heart, causing blood to pool in the veins. This can lead to symptoms such as swelling, varicose veins, and skin changes. |
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Term
| EKG, ECG (Electrocardiogram) |
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Definition
| Definition: An EKG (or ECG) is a test that measures the electrical activity of the myocardium to detect abnormalities in heart rhythm, structure, or function. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Definition: Hypertension, commonly known as high blood pressure, occurs when the force of blood against artery walls is too high, increasing the risk of heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular problems. |
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Term
| ICD (Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator) |
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Definition
| Definition: An ICD is a device implanted in the chest or abdomen to monitor heart rhythm and deliver shocks if dangerous arrhythmias are detected, preventing sudden cardiac arrest. |
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Term
| MI (Myocardial Infarction) |
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Definition
| Definition: A myocardial infarction, or heart attack, occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart is blocked, causing damage to the heart muscle. This is often caused by a blockage in one or more coronary arteries. |
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Term
| PAD (Peripheral Artery Disease) |
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Definition
| Definition: PAD is a condition where narrowed arteries reduce blood flow to the limbs, commonly the legs. It can cause leg pain and increase the risk of heart disease or stroke. |
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Term
| PVD (Peripheral Vascular Disease) |
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Definition
| Definition: PVD is a circulation disorder that affects blood vessels outside the heart and brain, often causing reduced blood flow to the arms and legs, leading to pain or cramping. |
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Term
| Tpa (Tissue Plasminogen Activator) |
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Definition
| Definition: Tpa is a clot-dissolving medication used in the treatment of stroke or heart attack by breaking down blood clots that obstruct blood flow to vital organs. |
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Term
| TST (Treadmill Stress Test) |
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Definition
| Definition: A TST is a diagnostic test that involves walking on a treadmill while monitoring heart activity to assess how the heart functions during physical stress. |
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Term
| V-fib (Ventricular Fibrillation) |
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Definition
| Definition: V-fib is a life-threatening arrhythmia in which the lower chambers of the heart (ventricles) quiver instead of pumping blood effectively, often leading to cardiac arrest. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Definition: Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurological disorder that leads to memory loss, cognitive decline, and behavioral changes. It primarily affects older adults and is the most common cause of dementia. |
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Term
| ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis) |
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Definition
| Definition: ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, leading to muscle weakness, paralysis, and eventually respiratory failure. |
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Term
| ADHD (Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder) |
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Definition
| Definition: ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness that interfere with daily functioning or development. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Definition: Cerebral palsy is a group of disorders that affect movement, muscle tone, or posture, caused by damage to the developing brain, typically before or at birth. |
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Term
| CSF (Cerebrospinal Fluid) |
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Definition
| Definition: Cerebrospinal fluid is the clear fluid that surrounds and protects the brain and spinal cord, providing cushioning and acting as a medium for nutrient and waste exchange. |
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Term
| EEG (Electroencephalogram) |
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Definition
| Definition: An EEG is a diagnostic test that records electrical activity in the brain using electrodes placed on the scalp, often used to detect seizures, brain disorders, or sleep disturbances. |
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Term
| ICP (Intracranial Pressure) |
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Definition
| Definition: Intracranial pressure refers to the pressure inside the skull and brain. Elevated ICP can result from head injury, brain swelling, or other neurological conditions and can lead to serious complications if not managed. |
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Term
| LOC (Level of Consciousness) |
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Definition
| Definition: Level of consciousness refers to a person's state of awareness, ranging from full alertness to deep coma. It is often used to assess a patient's neurological function after injury or illness. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Definition: A lumbar puncture, or spinal tap, is a medical procedure in which a needle is inserted into the lower back to collect cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic testing, often used to diagnose conditions like meningitis or multiple sclerosis. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Definition: Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the central nervous system, leading to damage to the myelin sheath that protects nerve fibers, causing symptoms such as fatigue, weakness, and difficulty with coordination. |
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Term
| OCD (Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder) |
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Definition
| Definition: OCD is a mental health disorder characterized by recurring, unwanted thoughts (obsessions) and repetitive behaviors (compulsions) that a person feels driven to perform to reduce anxiety. |
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Term
| PTSD (Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder) |
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Definition
| Definition: PTSD is a mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing a traumatic event. It is characterized by flashbacks, severe anxiety, and uncontrollable thoughts about the event. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Definition: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain that can cause changes in behavior, movements, feelings, or consciousness. Seizures can vary in severity and are often associated with epilepsy. |
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Term
| TIA (Transient Ischemic Attack) |
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Definition
| Definition: A TIA, or mini-stroke, occurs when there is a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve within a few minutes to hours without permanent damage. |
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