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| What is the function of the cardiovascular system? |
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| the cardiovascular system transports nutrients, waste products, gases, and hormones around the body |
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| What are the 2 circulations that the heart pumps blood into? |
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| pulmonary circulation and systemic circulation |
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| What is the pulmonary circulation? |
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| blood that is sent to the lungs to get oxygenated |
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| What is the systemic circulation? |
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| all the blood carried to everywhere else in the body |
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| What is the pericardium? What are the two layers of the pericardium? |
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Definition
The heart is surrounded by a double layered sac called the pericardium
The two layers are the Fibrous (outer) pericardium and serous (inner) pericardium |
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| What are the two layers of the serous pericardium? |
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The parietal pericardium (which lines the inside of the sac) and the visceral or epicardium (which is located on the heart itself).
NOTE: If you are to identify these layers on the lab portion of your test, the question will have to say, "what is the first layer the pin passes through!!!" This is also true of the fibrous pericardium |
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| What are the three layers of the heart wall? |
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| the epicardium (first layer the pin passes through from outside), myocardium (most of the "meat" of the heart), and endocardium (the first layer the pin passes through from inside) |
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| What is the other name for epicardium? |
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| What is the other name for visceral pericardium? |
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Definition
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| Classify the epithelium that makes up the visceral pericardium (aka epicardium) |
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| simple squamous epithelium |
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| What is myocardium composed of? |
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| Describe the shape, striation, nucleus location, and presence of cell-cell communicators, voluntary or involuntary contraction? |
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Definition
Cardiac muscle cells are branched
Cardiac muscle cells are striated (like skeletal muscle)
Nuclei are centrally located
cardiac muscle cells contain Intercallated discs which have gap junctions that allow calcium to travel between cells
Cardiac muscle cells contract involuntarily |
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| What is endocardium composed of? Where is it found? |
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Definition
- composed of epithelial tissue and connective tissue
-lines the internal surface of the heart |
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| How many chambers does the heart contain? |
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| 4 chambers - 2 atria (right and left) and 2 ventricles (right and left) |
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| Where does the right atria recieve blood from (3 places)? Is blood oxygenated or deoxygenated? |
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| Superior vena cava (SVC), Inferior Vena cava (IVC) and the coronary sinus. Blood is deoxygenated on the right side of the heart. |
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| Where does the superior vena cava collect blood from? |
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Definition
| Above the diaphragm. Blood is DO2 |
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| Where does the inferior vena cava collect blood from? Is it O2 or DO2? |
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| Where does the coronary sinus collect blood from? Is it O2 or DO2? |
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| Collects blood from the coronary vessels of the heart. It is DO2 |
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| What is the order that blood travels through the heart starting with the right atria? O2 or DO2? |
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Definition
| Right atria (DO2) --> Tricuspid valve (DO2) --> Right Ventricle (DO2)--> Pulmonary semilunar valve (DO2)--> Pulmonary trunk (DO2) --> right and left pulmonary arteries (DO2) --> LUNGS (O2) --> Pulmonary veins (O2)--> Left atria (O2)--> Bicuspid Valve (O2)--> Left Ventricle (O2)--> Aortic Semilunar valve (O2) --> ascending aorta (O2) --> Arch of the aorta (O2) |
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| What is the function of the valves of the heart? |
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| Why is the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle? |
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| The left ventricle pumps blood out to the systemic circulatory system which is under much higher pressure than the pulmonary circulatory system. Therefore, the muscle tissue needs to be thicker and bigger to push against the higher pressure. |
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| Where are the atrioventricular valves located? |
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| Between the atria and the ventricle (as the name might suggest) |
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| What is the valve called between the right atria and ventricle? |
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Definition
| The right atrioventricular valve or the tricuspid |
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| What is the valve between the left atria and ventricle called? |
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Definition
| The left atrioventricular valve or the bicuspid |
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| What is the function of the chordae tendeneae and papillary muscles? Where are they found (generally) |
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Definition
| Located on the inner surface of the ventricles) prevent the valves from swinging back into the atria |
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| What is the function of the semilunar valves? |
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Definition
| prevent back flow of blood into the heart |
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| Where is the pulmonary semilunar valve located? |
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Definition
| the pulmonary semilunar valve is located between the pulmonary trunk and right ventricle |
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| Where is the aortic semilunar valve located? |
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Definition
| the aortic semilunar valve is located between the aorta and left ventricle |
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| What are the first two branches of the ascending aorta (NOT OFF THE ARCH!!!) |
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Definition
| Right and left coronary arteries |
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| What are the branches off the right coronary artery? |
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Definition
| The marginal artery and the posterior descending artery |
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| What are the branches off the left coronary artery? |
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Definition
| Left anterior descending artery (AKA LAD or anterior interventricular) |
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| All the cardiac veins of the heart drain into where? |
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Definition
| The coronary sinus which drains into the atria |
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| How can you get 5 bonus points on the first midterm? |
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| Remember the fact that an EKG (or ECG) measures the cardiac conduction system NOT MYOCARDIAL CONTRACTION. Everyone has to get this right to get 5 points, so make sure you tell your friends :-) |
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