Term
| Murmur with pronounced "click" |
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Definition
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Term
| Rib Notching associated w: |
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Definition
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Term
| Decreased BP in lower extremities v. BP in upper extremities |
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Definition
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Term
| An angiogram demonstrates a carotid artery coil (or kink)...what is tx? |
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Definition
| Carotid artery resection and reanastomosis |
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Term
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Definition
| When pt makes a fist and places it over his chest when describing chest pain. Associated w/ angina. |
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Term
| a crescendo-decrescendo systolic murmur |
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Definition
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Term
| pulmonary htn will produce right heart failure known as: |
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Definition
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Term
| a child with cyanotic spells & squatting episodes after exercise is classic for? |
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Definition
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Term
| The triad of hypotension, elevated JVP, and distant heart sounds is almost diagnostic of: |
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Definition
| pericardial effusion causing cardiac tamponade |
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Term
| Murmur with an "opening snap" & a decreased pulse pressure |
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Definition
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Term
| holosystolic murmur (aka: pansystolic murmur): |
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Definition
| Think Mitral or Tricuspid Regurgitation |
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Term
| Young athlete passing out & a murmur that decreases in intensity when the pt squats: |
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Definition
| Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM) |
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Term
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Definition
| Is a small rounded wave at the end of the T-wave & represents early repolarization of the Purkinje fibers |
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Term
| The valsalva maneuver worsens the murmurs of _____ & ______: |
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Definition
| HOCM & Mitral Valve Prolapse |
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Term
Normal BP
Pre-hypertension
Stage 1 hypertension
Stage 2 hypertension |
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Definition
<120/80 mmHg
120-139 mmHg/80-89 mmHg
140-159/90-99 mmHg
>160/100 mmHg |
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Term
| What condition should you think of if you have an ECG with "axis change every other beat & a wandering baseline"? |
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Definition
| Electrical alternans caused by a pericardial effusion |
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Term
| Which medicine should NOT be used in the tx of a cocaine or amphetamine overdose? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dressler's syndrome is a type of ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe Eisenmenger's syndrome: |
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Definition
| A VSD (or ASD) causing Pulmonary HTN (due to a left to right shunt) which over time can cause a right to left shunt & rt ventricular failure |
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Term
| Which antiarrhythmic drug is associated with hypo- or hyperthyroidism? |
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Definition
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Term
| Pulsus Paradoxus is a classic finding in what condition? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the primary risk factor for development of a AAA? |
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Definition
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Term
| BNP is released by the _____ of the heart in response to increased filling ______? |
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Definition
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Term
| CABG is indicated in pt's with: |
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Definition
| 3+ vessel dz or stenosis of the left main coronary artery, & diabetics w/ 2+ vessel dz |
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Term
| Which 2 virus are most often implicated in acute myocarditis? |
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Definition
| Coxsackie B virus & echovirus |
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Term
| What is pulsus Paradoxus? |
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Definition
| Where systemic arterial pressure falls by more than 10 mmHg during inspiration |
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Term
| AV narrowing & venous nicking are associated w/: |
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Definition
| HTN (whereas neovascularization & microaneurysms are more associated w/ diabetes) |
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Term
| What class of medicines are recommended for pt's w/ heart failure (or poor LV function)? |
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Definition
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Term
| After an MI, how long does it take for Myoglobin, CK-MB, & Troponin to return to baseline? |
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Definition
| Myoglobin = 24hrs; CK-MB = 2-3 days; Troponin = 7 days |
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Term
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Definition
| a sign of previous MI. An MI can be thought of as an elecrical 'hole' as scar tissue is electrically dead causing the Q wave |
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Term
| The JNC VII guidelines for BP control are lower in pt's with what 2 conditions? |
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Definition
| Diabetes & Renal Dz (Goal: <130/80) |
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Term
| How to Calculate CHADS2 score? |
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Definition
*Diagnosed heart failure, past or current (1 point)
*Hypertension treated or untreated (1 point)
*Age >= 75 years (1 point)
*Diabetes Mellitus (1 point)
*Secondary prevention in patients with prior ischemic stroke, TIA or thromboembolism (2 points) |
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Term
| Describe a positive Kussmaul's sign? |
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Definition
| It's an observable rise in JVP during inspiration (usually due to rt ventricular failure or constrictive pericarditis) |
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Term
| Pericardial tamponade is suspected when a pt has...? |
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Definition
| distended neck veins & cold clammy skin |
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Term
| A cardiac nuclear scan is best used for determining? |
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Definition
| Ventricular wall dysfunction |
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Term
| What test is used to monitor heparin admin? """""to monitor warfarin admin? |
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Definition
heparin = PTT (intrinsic pathway)
warfarin = PT-INR (extrinsic * common pathway) |
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Term
| hepatic congestion, pitting edema, & fluid retention are all signs of what? |
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Definition
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Term
| malignant HTN is characterized by: |
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Definition
| marked hypertension (usually diastolic is >140mmHg) w/ retinal hemorrhages, exudates, or papilledema |
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Term
| Describe Prinzmetal angina: |
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Definition
| angina at REST that occurs in cycles, caused by coronary vasospasm rather than by atherosclerosis |
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Term
| Unstable (v. stable) angina is characterized by: |
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Definition
| being precipitated by less effort than before or occurring at REST |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of action of Class I-IV antiarrhythmic drugs? |
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Definition
"No Boys Kiss Cats"
I - Na channel blockers
II - Beta Blockers
III - K channel blockers
IV - Ca channel blockers |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Jim has ______? & this causes what BP symptom on PE? |
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Definition
| He has aortic regurgitation which causes a widened pulse pressure |
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Term
| Pericardial tamponade causes a (wide or narrow) pulse pressure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which medication for CAD is associated with tolerance? |
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Definition
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Term
| What medication slows down the development of heart failure & should be initiated even in asymptomatic pt's? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common initial chest xray finding of chronic left-sided heart failure? |
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Definition
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Term
| Aldosterone retains ____ & _____, and gets rid of ____? |
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Definition
| Retains Na & water & gets rid of K+ |
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Term
| In a pt younger than 30 & older than 55 who is dx w/ new onset HTN, what should you be thinking? |
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Definition
| There is a secondary cause |
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Term
| Murmur associated with an Atrial Septal Defect? |
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Definition
| Fixed split S2 w/ increased intensity of the P2 component |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of restrictive cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
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Term
| A diastolic blowing or rumbling murmur? |
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Definition
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Term
| 1st line tx (besides fluids) in low BP due to cardiogenic shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the BEST method to differentiate b/w an acute exacerbation of angina & an MI? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for Temporal arteritis without visual loss? with visual loss or neurological symptoms? |
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Definition
Without: oral prednisone
With: pulse methylprednisolone |
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Term
| What is the most important tx to prevent the reoccurance of venous stasis ulcers? |
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Definition
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Term
| In an aortic dissection, which drug should be administered first? |
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Definition
| Labetalol (to rapidly lower BP) |
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Term
| A person diagnosed w/ long QT syndrome should avoid what class of antibiotics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Tx for acute rheumatic fever? |
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Definition
| Salicylates & IM penicillin |
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Term
|
Definition
| CCB's, prostacyclin, & oxygen |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Symptomatic bradycardia due to a II or III degree heart block gets what initial tx? |
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Definition
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Term
| Takotsubu cardiomyopathy? |
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Definition
| postmenopausal women w/ MI but clear coronary arteries & left ventricular apical ballooning upon cath |
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Term
| Fasting lipid profiles in adults w/ no risk factors should be obtained how often? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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|
Term
| Which cardiomyopathy is the most common & can be the result of uncontrolled HTN? |
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Definition
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Term
| What arrhythmia is associated w/ COPD & has multiple different p waves? |
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Definition
| MAT (multifocal atrial tachycardia) |
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Term
| Most appropriate diagnostic study to evaluated a pt for probable angina? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| hypercoagablity, venous stasis, & vessel injury |
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Term
| Expected findings in a Retinal Vein Occlusion: |
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Definition
| retinal hemorrhages, cotton-wool spots, & & vessel dilation |
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
| A pt has an MI and is admitted to the hospital. What cardiac marker would be best to evaluate for another new MI (one that would occur after admission to the hospital)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Initial tx for stable V-tach? |
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Definition
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